On Targaryendraco wiedenrothi gen. nov. (Pterodactyloidea, Pteranodontoidea) and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids
RODRIGO V. PÊGAS1,6, BORJA HOLGADO2,3, MARIA EDUARDA C. LEAL4,5
1Laboratory of Vertebrate Paleontology and Animal Behavior, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, Anchieta, 09606-045 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil. 
2Laboratory of Systematics and Taphonomy of Fossil Vertebrates, Departmento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 
3Institut Català de Paleontologia ‘Miquel Crusafont’, C/ de les Columnes, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
4Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do PICI – BL. 912, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
5Zoological Museum (Statens Naturhistoriske Museum), Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Denmark 
6 Corresponding author. E-mail address: rodrigo.pegas@hotmail.com 

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 01

Character list for the data matrix (per anatomical region)

CRANIUM

01.	External naris (or nasoantorbital fenestra), position relative to the premaxilla (Andres et al. 2014: character 48; modified from Kellner 2001: character 5):
0 - main part dorsal to the ventral margin of the premaxilla
1 - main part displaced posterior to the premaxilla

02.	External naris, dorsoventrally compressed:
0 - absent
1 – present

03.	External naris and antorbital fenestra, configuration (rephrased from Unwin 1995):
0 - separated
1 - confluent, forming a nasoantorbital fenestra

04.	External naris and antorbital fenestra (or nasoantorbital fenestra), ventral margin length relative the skull length (rephrased from Kellner 2001: character 7):
0 - shorter than 40% of the skull length
1 - longer than 40% of the skull length

05.	Antorbital (or nasoantorbital) fenestra, posterior margin, shape (modified from Unwin 1995):
0 - straight
1 - concave

06.	Nasoantorbital (or antorbital) fenestra extending dorsal to the orbit:
0 - absent
1 - present

07.	Orbit, shape (modified from Kellner 2004: character 10; combined with Andres & Ji 2008: character 9):
0 - subcircular
1 - quadrangular (broad base)
2 - piriform (dorsoventrally elongated)

08.	Orbit, comparatively small:
0 - absent
1 - present

09.	Ventral margin of the orbit:
0 - closed
1 - open

10.	Orbit, position (Andres & Myers 2013: character 45; modified from Kellner & Langston 1996; Kellner 2001: character 9; and Andres & Ji 2008: character 10):
0 - middle of the skull, with the ventral margin of the orbit below the middle of the antorbital (or nasoantorbital) fenestra and the dorsal margin of the orbit above the dorsal margin of the antorbital (or nasoantorbital) fenestra
1 - high in the skull, with the dorsal margin of the orbit surpassing the level of the nasoantorbital fenestra
2 - low in the skull, with the entire orbit lower than the dorsal margin of the antorbital (or nasoantorbital) fenestra

11.	Suborbital opening (Kellner 2001: character 10):
0 - absent
1 - present

12.	Lower temporal fenestra, shape (Wang et al. 2012: character 15):
0 - comparatively broad, with extensive subhorizontal ventral margin (trapezoidal)
1 - piriform, with dorsal portion wider than ventral 
2- piriform, with ventral portion wider than dorsal 
3 - reduced (slit-like)

13.	Lower temporal fenestra, position relative to orbit (Andres et al. 2014: character 57):
0 - posterior to orbit
1 - reaches under posterior margin of orbit

14.	Choanae, separation:
		0 - separated by vomer
		1 - confluent

15.	Postpalatine fenestra, shape:
		0 - quadrangular/subriangular
		1 - oval
		2 - egg-shaped
		3 - elongated egg-shaped
		4 - kite-shaped, rounded margins
5	- elliptical
6	- reduced, slit-like

16.	Secondary subtemporal fenestra:
		0 - absent
		1 - present

17.	Interpterygoid fenestra, size (modified from Kellner 2001: character 26):
		0 - smaller than subtemporal fenestra
		1 - larger than subtemporal fenestra
		2 - extremely reduced

18.	Interpterygoid fenestra, shape: 
		0 - compressed laterally
		1 - broad, longer than wide
		2 - compressed anteroposteriorly, wider than long
		3 – round

19.	Pterygoid fenestra:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

20.	Upper and lower jaw, marked gap during occlusion:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

21.	Upper and lower jaw, shape:
0 – compressed
1 – broad

22.	Upper and lower jaw, anterior half, taper in occlusal view (modified from Andres et al., 2014)

0 – attenuated
1 – subparallel

23.	Skull, main part of dorsal margin, curvature excluding cranial crest (modified from Kellner 2001: character 3):
	0 - nearly straight
	1 - concave	
2 – convex

24.	Skull, height, exclusive of cranial crests
0 – under 25% jaw length
1 – over

25.	Length of the rostrum (pm-naof) relative to the skull length (pm-sq) (modified from Kellner 2001: character 1):
	0 - reduced
	1 - elongated (about or less than half of skull length)
	2 - extremely elongated (more than half of skull length)

26.	Rostral end (premaxilla), shape:
	0 - rounded
	1 - pointed
	2 - sharp tip
	3 - flat surface

27.	Rostrum, anterior end, small blunt anterior projection above first teeth pair (modified from Jacobs et al. 2019)
0 – absent
1 – present

28.	Rostral end of premaxillae/maxillae downturned:
0 – absent
1 – present

29.	Rostrum, distinct concavity on occlusal surface:
0 - absent
1 - present

30.	Rostrum, anterior portion forming a high ossified plate:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

31.	Premaxillae, anterior horizontal expansion (modified from Kellner 2001: character 12):
	0 - absent	
1 - present, with premaxillary end high	
2 - present, with premaxillary end dorsoventrally flattened

32.	Premaxillae anterior expansion, shape in horizontal plane (Andres & Myers 2013: character 37; modified from Kellner 2001: character 12):
	0 - elliptical
	1 - anteriorly expanded
	2 - quadrangular
	3 - absent

33.	Premaxillae, anterior end rodlike:
	0 - absent
	1 – present

34.	Premaxillary process separating the external nares, thickness (Kellner 2001: character 2):	
	0 - wide
	1 – narrow

35.	Premaxilla, posterodorsal margin of nasoantorbital fenestra (including nasal), width (modified from Andres et al. 2014: character 58; rephrased from Lü et al. 2009: character 8):
	0 - wide
	1 - thin

36.	Premaxillary sagittal crest (modified from Kellner 2003: character 12):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

37.	Premaxillary sagittal crest, position (modified from Kellner 2003: character 12):
	0 - confined to the anterior portion of the skull	
1 - starting anterior to the anterior margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra, extending beyond occipital region	
2 - starting at about the anterior margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra, reaching the skull roof above the orbit but not extending over the occipital region	
3 - starting close or at the anterior portion of the skull and extended over the occipital region	
4 - starting at the posterior half of the nasoantorbital fenestra.	
5 - starting at the middle portion of the nasoantorbital fenestra, extending above the occipital region

38.	Premaxillary sagittal crest, shape (Andres & Myers 2013: character 52):
	0 - striated, low with a nearly straight dorsal margin	
1 - striated, high with a nearly straight dorsal margin
	2 - round dorsal margin, blade-shaped	
3 - smooth, expanded anteriorly and forming a low rod-like extension posteriorly
	4 - smooth, starting low anteriorly and very expanded posteriorly
	5 - striated, low with convex dorsal margin

39.	Premaxillary crest, elongated dorsal premaxillary spike-like projection (rephrased from Martill & Naish 2006: character 2):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

40.	Premaxillary crest, distinct expansion on the anterior part (Pinheiro et al. 2011: character 9):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

41.	Premaxillary crest, concentric striae on the anterior region (new character):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

42.	Premaxillary crest, anterior margin, strong reentrancy at the base (new character): 
	0 - absent
	1 – present

43.	Premaxilla, posterior dorsal process, curved upward:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

44.	Maxilla, posterior ventral expansion (Kellner 2001: character 13):
	0 - absent
	1 – present

45.	Maxilla-nasal contact (modified after Unwin 2003: character 13):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

46.	Maxilla-nasal contact, broadness (Unwin 2003: character 13):
	0 - broad
	1 - narrow

47.	Nasal descending process, position (modified after Kellner 2001: character 14):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

48.	Nasal descending process, position (modified after Kellner 2001: character 14):
	0 - placed laterally
	1 - placed medially

49.	Nasal descending process, length (modified after Kellner 2003: character 15, Andres & Ji 2008: character 23):
	0 - long, almost reaching the ventral margin of the skull
	1 - short 
	2 - knob-like (extremely reduced)

50.	Nasal descending process, orientation (modified after Kellner 2003: character 15):
	0 - inclined anteriorly
	1 - subvertical

51.	Nasal descending process, lateral foramen (rephrased from Kellner 2003: character 16):
	0 - absent
	1 – present

52.	Lacrimal, extensive fenestration:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

53.	Lacrimal, orbital process (modified from Andres & Myers 2013: character 66):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

54.	Jugal, lacrimal process base, width (modified from Kellner 2004: character 18):
	0 - broad
	1 – narrow

55.	Jugal, lacrimal process, inclination (modified from Kellner 2004: character 18):
	0 - inclined anteriorly
	1 - subvertical
	2 - inclined posteriorly

56.	Jugal, presence of pronounced ridge on the lateral side:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

57.	Jugal, postorbital process, orbital process (Andres et al. 2014: character 98):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

58.	Quadrate, inclination relative to ventral margin of skull (based on Unwin 1995; rephrased from Kellner 2001: character 18):
	0 - anteriorly
	1 - subvertical
	2 - inclined about 120 posteriorly
	3 - inclined about 150 posteriorly

59.	Cranio-mandibular articulation, position relative to orbit (modified from Kellner 2001: character 19):
	0 - posterior to posterior margin of orbit
	1 - under center of orbit
	2 - under anterior margin of the orbit
	3 - anterior to the anterior margin of orbit

60.	Helical jaw joint (Bennett 1994: character 5):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

61.	Frontal, anterior portion rugose (Wang et al. 2005):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

62.	Frontal, ossified crest (Bennett 1994: character 30):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

63.	Frontal, ossified crest, position (Wang et al. 2012):
	0 - confined to posterior end of skull	
1 - starting above orbit	
2 - starting on posterior half of nasoantorbital fenestra

64.	Frontal, ossified crest, shape (modified from Kellner 2001: character 15)
	0 - low, blunt	1 - short, spike-like, dorsally deflected
	2 - spike-like, directed posteriorly
	3 - narrow, broad, directed posteriorly 	
4 - low, broad base, fan-shaped 
	5 - high, broad base, crown-shaped 
	6 - high, broad base, casqued-shaped
	7 - high, broad base, directed posteriorly, at least doubling height of skull above orbit.
	
65.	Parietal, ossified crest (modified from Kellner 2001: character 16):
	0 - absent	
1 - present

66.	Parietal, ossified crest, shape (modified from Kellner 2001: character 16):
	0 - blunt	
1 - constituting the base of the posterior portion of the cranial crest
	2 - expanded, with rounded margin

67.	Posterior region of the skull rounded with the squamosal displaced ventrally:	0 - absent	
1 - present

68.	Supraoccipital (Kellner 2001: character 20):
	0 - does not extend backwards
	1 - extends backwards

69.	Supraoccipital, foramen (rephrased from Kellner 2001: character 21):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

70.	Paroccipital processes, expanded distal ends (rephrased from Unwin 1995):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

71.	Foraminae piercing the anterior portion of the palate, numerous:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

72.	Palatal occlusal surface (modified from Kellner 2003: character 24):
	0 - smooth
	1 - discrete palatal ridge, tapering anteriorly	 
2 - strong palatal ridge, tapering anteriorly	
3 - strong palatal ridge, confined to the posterior portion of the palate

73.	Palate, slight expansion close to the anterior margin of the nasoantorbital (or naris + antorbital) fenestra:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

74.	Palate, anterior tip, dorsal deflection (modified from Andres & Ji 2008; Rodrigues & Kellner 2013):
	0 - absent
	1 - present, slight; with the first pair of upper alveoli not completely surpassing the second pair
	2 - present, strong; with the first pair of upper alveoli above the second pair

75.	Maxilla and internal naris, (rephrased from Kellner 2001: character 25):
	0 - contact
	1 - do not contact

76.	Palatines, shape:
	0 - broad
	1 - thin bars

77.	Basisphenoid body, length (modified from Kellner 2001: character 23):
	0 - shorter than wide
	1 - longer than wide

MANDIBLE

78.	Mandibular rostral end, opposing dentaries (rephrased from Unwin 1995; Kellner 2001: character 27)
	0 - unfused
	1 - fused

79.	Mandibular rostral end, extension of the contact surface of opposing dentaries (Kellner 2001: character 27; Pêgas et al. 2016: character 52):
	0 - short, limited to the tip
	1 - short, extended posteriorly less than 30% of mandible length 
	2 - long, up to 55% the mandible length
	3 - long, extended over 55 % of mandibular length

80.	Mandibular rostral end, shape:
	0 - rounded
	1 - pointed
	2 - sharp tip

81.	Dentary symphysis, slenderness, laterolaterally compressed with width about three times alveolar width
0 – absent
1 – present

82.	Dentary symphysis, occlusal groove, extension
0 – posterior to second pair of teeth
1 – reaching first pair
2 – reaching the mandibular tip

83.	Dentary symphysis, rims of occlusal groove, lateral view, conspicuously raised above the level of the alveoli
0 – absent
1 – present

84.	Dentary, dorsal margin, distinct posterior eminence close to the separation of mandibular rami:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

85.	Dentary, tip projected anteriorly:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

86.	Dentary, tip, odontoid process
0 – absent
1 – present

87.	Dentary ossified sagittal crest (modified from Kellner 2003: character 33):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

88.	Dentary ossified sagittal crest, position (modified from Kellner 2003: character 33):
	0 - confined to the anterior third of the lower jaw
	1 - extending close to the middle portion of the jaw

89.	Dentary ossified sagittal crest, shape (modified from Kellner 2001: character 30):
	0 - shallow 
            1 - blade-like	
2 - deep, broad in lateral view	
3 - elongated ridge

90.	Dentary, posteroventral fossa: dentary fossa
	0 - absent
	1 - present

DENTITION

91.	Teeth, position and presence:	
0 - present, evenly distributed along the jaws	
1 - absent from the anterior portion of the jaws	
2 - confined to the anterior part of the jaws	
3 - jaws toothless

92.	Maxillary teeth, largest positioned posteriorly (rephrased from Unwin 1995):
0 - absent
1 – present

93.	Teeth, shape variation:
	0 - isodont
	1 - heterodont

94.	Teeth, anterior, marked variation in width:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

95.	Teeth, lower jaw, first pair of teeth enlarged
0 – absent
1 – present 

96.	Teeth, both jaws, third tooth larger than fourth
0 – absent
1 – present 

97.	Teeth, upper jaw, variation in the size of the anterior teeth with the 4th larger than the 5th and 6th (modified from Kellner 2001: character 33):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

98.	Teeth, spacing, first pair separated by a thin sheet of bone (less than half the alveolous width)
0 – absent
1 – present 

99.	Teeth, spacing, first three pairs more closely spaced than subsequent teeth
0 – absent
1 – present 

100.	Teeth, base broad and oval (rephrased from Unwin 1995):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

101.	Teeth, serrated:
	0 - present
	1 - absent

102.	Teeth, peg-like (cone-shaped) (Kellner 2001: character 35):
	0 - absent
	1 - present, 15 or less on each side of the jaws
	2 - present, more than 15 on each side of the jaws

103.	Teeth, small needle-shaped:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

104.	 Teeth, lateral compression:
	0 - absent
	1 - present, moderate
	2 - present, strong

105.	 Teeth, sharp carinae:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

106.	 Teeth, anterior positions, relative elongation (modified from Kellner 2003: character 40): 
	0 – under twice as wide
	1 – over twice as wide, under four times as wide
	2 – over four times as wide

107.	Teeth, fluted surface (modified from Andres et al. 2013: character 110): 
	0 - absent
	1 - present

108.	 Teeth, crowns, with labial and lingual depressions (Zhou et al. 2019)
0 – absent
	1 – present

109.	 Teeth, labial/lingual view, mesiodistal constriction between crown and root (Zhou et al. 2019)

0 – absent
1 – present

110.	 Teeth, cingulum
0 – absent
1 – present

111.	Alveoli, lateral platform:
0 - absent
1 – present

112.	 Alveoli, prominently scalloped
0 – absent
1 – present
 
113.	 Toothline, curvature between alveoli 4 and 8
0 – absent
1 - present

AXIAL SKELETON

114.	 Atlas and axis:
	0 - unfused
	1 – fused 

115.	 Cervical vertebrae, postexapophyses:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

116.	 Mid-cervical vertebrae, centrum, lateral foramen:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

117.	 Mid-cervical vertebrae, length:	0 - short, sub-equal in length
	1 - longer than wide, with length less than 3 times width
	2 - elongated, with length more than 3 times width
	3 - extremely elongated

118.	 Mid-cervical vertebrae, ribs:
	0 - present
	1 - absent

119.	 Mid-cervical vertebrae, neural spines, height (Andres & Ji 2008: char. 67):
	0 - tall
	1 - low
	2 - extremely reduced

120.	 Mid-cervical vertebrae, neural spines, shape (modified from Kellner 2001: character 43; Andres & Ji 2008: char 66):
	0 - blade-shaped
	1 - spike-shaped
	2 - ridge

121.	 Dorsal vertebrae, fused into a notarium:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

122.	 Caudal vertebrae, quantity:
	0 - more than 15
	1 - 15 or less

123.	 Caudal vertebrae, zygapophyses forming rod-like ossified processes:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

124.	 Proximal caudal vertebrae centrum, centrum shape (rephrased from Bennett 1994: character 31):
	0 - single
	1 - duplex

PECTORAL GIRDLE
125.	 Scapula, length relative to coracoid length:	0 - subequal or longer than coracoid	1 - scapula shorter than coracoid (1 > sca/cor > 0.80)	2 - substantially shorter than coracoid (sca/cor < 0.80)

126.	 Scapula, proximal end (rephrased from Kellner 2003: character 50):
	0 - elongated
	1 - sub-oval
127.	 Scapula, shape (rephrased from Kellner 2003: character 51):
	0 - elongated
	1 - stout, with constructed shaft

128.	 Coracoid, proximal end, shape:
	0 - flattened
	1 - oval

129.	 Coracoid, sternal articulation (modified from Kellner 2003: character 52):
	0 - no developed articulation surface
	1 - articulation straight or slightly concave
	2 - articulation strongly concave

130.	 Coracoid, sternal articulation, posterior expansion:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

131.	 Coracoid, ventral margin, deep flange
	0 - absent	1 - present
132.	 Coracoid, broad tubercle on ventroposterior margin (Kellner 2004: character 57):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

133.	 Cristospine, shape (rephrased from Bennett 1994: character 34):
	0 - absent 
	1 - shallow and elongated
	2 - deep and short

FORELIMB

134.	 Humerus, proportional length relative to the metacarpal IV (hu/mcIV) (Kellner 2001: character 46):
	0 - hu/mcIV > 2.50
	1 - 1.50 < hu/mcIV < 2.50
	2 - 0.40 < hu/mcIV < 1.50
	3 - hu/mcIV < 0.40

135.	 Humerus, proportional length relative to the femur (hu/fe) (modified from Kellner 2001: character 47):
	0 - hu/fe ≤0.80
	1 - 1.4 > hu/fe > 0.80
	2 - hu/fe > 1.40

136.	 Humerus plus ulna, proportional lengths relative to the femur plus tibia (hu+ul/fe+ti) (Kellner 2001: character 48):
	0 - humerus plus ulna about 0.80% or less of femur plus tibia length 
(hu+ul/fe+ti < 0.80)
	1 - humerus plus ulna larger than 0.80% of femur plus tibia length 
(hu+ul/fe+ti > 0.80)

137.	 Humerus, proximal end, foramen on dorsal surface near medial margin:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

138.	 Humerus, proximal end, foramen on ventral surface close to proximal margin (modified from Kellner 2001: character 49):
	0 - absent
	1 - present 

139.	 Humerus, deltopectoral crest, shape (modified from Kellner 2003: character 58):
	0 - reduced, positioned close to the humerus shaft
	1 - enlarged, proximally placed, with almost straight proximal margin
2 - enlarged, hatchet shaped, proximally placed
3 - enlarged, hatched shaped, positioned further down the humerus shaft
4 - enlarged, warped
5 - long, proximally placed, curving ventrally
6 - enlarged, square outline

140.	 Humerus, medial (= ulnar) crest (modified from Kellner 2001: character 51):
	0 - reduced
	1 - directed posteriorly
	2 - present, massive, with a developed proximal ridge

141.	 Humerus, distal articulation, shape (Andres & Myers 2013: character 159):
	0 - oval or D-shaped	1 - subtriangular

142.	 Humerus, between distal condyles, pneumatic foramen (Longrich et al. 2018: character 227):
	0 - absent
	1 - present

143.	 Ulna, proportional length relative to metacarpal IV (ul/mcIV) (Kellner 2003; modified from Kellner 2001: character 53):
	0 - ulna 3.6 times longer than metacarpal IV (ul/mcIV > 3.6)
	1 - length of ulna between 3.6 and two times the length of metacarpal IV (3.6 > ul/mcIV > 2)
	2 - ulna between two times and the same length of metacarpal IV (2 > ul/mcIV > 1)
	3 - ulna about the same length or smaller than metacarpal IV (ul/mcIV < 1)

144.	 Ulna and radius, diameter at midshaft (Kellner, 2003; modified from Bennett, 1994: character 33) 
	0 - subequal
	1 - diameter of radius about half that of ulna
	2 - diameter of radius less than half that of ulna

145.	 Proximal syncarpal, large posterodistal process
0 – absent
1 – present

146.	 Proximal syncarpal, shape (proximal view) (from Unwin, 2003)
0 – quadrangular or irregular
1 - pentagonal

147.	 Distal syncarpals, shape (distal view) (from Unwin, 2003)
0 – irregular
1 – rectangular unit
2 – triangular unit

148.	 Pteroid:
	0 - absent	
1 - shorter than half the length of the ulna	
2 - longer that half the length of the ulna

149.	 Pteroid, proximal articulation, expanded in right angle with the shaft:
	0 - absent
	1 - present

150.	 Metacarpals I - III, relation with carpus (modified from Bennett 1994: character 15):
	0 - articulating with carpus
	1 - metacarpal I articulates with carpus, metacarpals II and III reduced
	2 - not articulating with carpus

151.	 Manual digit IV first phalanx, proportional length relative to metacarpal IV (ph1d4/mcIV) (modified from Kellner 2001: character 58):
	0 - both small and reduced	1 - both enlarged with ph1d4 over four times the length of mcIV (ph1d4/mcIV>4.0)
	2 - both enlarged with ph1d4 between four and two times the length of mcIV (4.0>ph1d4/mcIV>2.0)
	3 -  both enlarged with ph1d4 about or less than two times the length of mcIV (2.0>ph1d4/mcIV>1.0)
	4 - both enlarged with ph1d4 about the same or smaller than the length of mcIV (ph1d4/mcIV<1.0)

152.	 Manual digit IV first phalanx, proportional length relative to tibiotarsus (ph1d4/ti) (modified from Kellner 2001: character 59):
	0 - ph1d4 reduced
	1 - ph1d4 elongated and less than twice the length of ti (ph1d4/ti <2.00)
	2 - ph1d4 elongated about or longer than twice the length of ti (ph1d4/ti >2.00)
 
153.	 Manual digit IV second phalanx, proportional length relative to first phalanx (ph2d4/ph1d4) (modified from Kellner 2001: character 60):
	0 - both short or absent
	1 - elongated with second phalanx about the same size or longer than first (ph2d4/ph1d4 larger than 1.00)
	2 - elongated with second phalanx up to 30% shorter than first (ph2d4/ph1d4 between 0.70 - 1.00)
	3 - elongated with second phalanx more than 30% shorter than first (ph2d4/ph1d4 smaller than 0.70)

154.	 Manual digit IV third phalanx, proportional length relative to first phalanx (ph3d4/ph1d4) (Kellner 2001: character 61):
	0 - both short or absent
	1 - ph3d4 about the same length or larger than ph1d4
	2 - ph3d4 shorter than ph1d4

155.	 Manual digit IV third phalanx, proportional length relative to the second phalanx (ph3d4/ph2d4) (Kellner 2001: character 62):
	0 - both short or absent
	1 - ph3d4 about the same size or longer than ph2d4
	2 - ph3d4 shorter than ph2d4

156.	 Manual digit IV forth phalanx, proportional length relative to the first phalanx of manual digit IV (ph4d4/ph1d4):
	0 - both short or absent
	1 - both elongated, with the forth phalanx longer than the first (ph4/d4/ph1d4>1.00)
2 - both elongated with the forth phalanx the same length or shorter, but longer than 35% the length of the first (1.00>ph4d4/ph1d4>0.35)
	3 - both elongated with the forth phalanx less than 35% the length of the first (ph4d4/ph1d4<0.35)

HIND LIMB

157.	 Femur, length relative to metacarpal IV length (fe/mcIV) (modified after Kellner 2001, character 63) (Andres & Ji 2008: char 110):
	0 - femur about twice or longer than metacarpal IV	 (fe/mcIV > 2.00)	1 - femur longer but less than twice the length of	 metacarpal IV (1.00 < fe/mcIV < 2.00)	2 - femur about the same length or shorter than 	 metacarpal IV (fe/mcIV < 1.00)

158.	 Metatarsal III, proportional length relative to tibia length (Kellner 2001: character 64):
	0 - more than 30% of tibia length
	1 - less than 30% of tibia length

159.	 Pedal digit V, number of phalanges (Kellner 2001: character 65):
	0 - with four phalanges	1 - with 2 phalanges	2 - with 1 or no phalanx (extremely reduced)

160.	 Pes, second phalanx of digit V, shape (modified from Kellner 2001: character 66):
	0 - reduced or absent	1 - elongated, straight	2 - elongated, curved	3 - elongated, very curved (boomerang shape)

Codings for each terminal taxon

Ornithosuchus_woodwardi	
0000002000001000000000010000000-0000--00--00100---000000000000--0-0000000000?0000--0000--0000000000000000100000?000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Herrerasaurus_ischigualastensis	
0000100000000000000000010000000-0000--00--00100---000000000000--0-000000000000000--0000--00000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020
Scleromochlus_taylori	
000010000000000000000?2?00?0000-0000--00--00100---00001?020??0--0-00???0?0000?00???0000--0000??0??00?00?000??0000???00??0000??0?000???00??0???00???00?00000000??
Anurognathus_ammoni	
0000001000000000010010210000000-0100--00--00110---000110010??0--0-000000000100000--0000--000000000001010010000000???0???01000?0???0??0110?1000000??10011222?0011
Rhamphorhynchus_muensteri	
1100100000011001110000001200000-0000--00--00100---000000021000--0-000000001001220--0100--000000000001000010000000000000000100000100011110020001100?1001222221012
Darwinopterus_linglongtaensis	
1011000000011??????00?001?00000-000?200000000-1010100010021?00--0-00?000?0???1?????00?0--00000000000120000000?000???101?001?0?00?000?1110?100?110??1003111111022
Darwinopterus_robustodens	
101100?00?011??????00?001?00000-000?200000000-1010?00010021?00--0-00?000?0???1?????00?0--00000000000120000000?000???1???001?0?00??0??111??100?110??100311111102?
Kunpengopterus_sinensis	
10111000000?1131011000001100?00-0000------000-1000100010021??0--0-00?0?0?0?0?1210--0010--?0000000000120000000?00000010100010000?1000?1110010??110??1002111121022
Archaeoistiodactylus_linglongtaensis	
?01?????????????????00???????????????????????????????????????????????????????1210--001????0??00????0120000000?00???01?10?????????????111??????1???????????1?1???
Pterodactylus_antiquus	
1010000000011??0???000001000000-0000--00--000-1001000010031?00--0-10?00000???1200--0000--0000000000012000100000000002110010000001000121100500?2100?1003122222020
Nyctosaurus_gracilis	
101010000001101001?000102200000-0000--00--000-?????00011021100--1200?00000101132---0000--140---0--0010000-----0-011?110111000?00100013110130?03111221232222?20??
Muzquizopteryx_coahuilensis	
?01010?000011???????0??0?????????00???????000-?????0001?021?00--1200???0??????????????0???40-??0??0010000-----?-0???11011????1????????11??30???11??21????????1??
Pteranodon_longiceps	
1010002000011130231000102200000-0000--00--000-112?000011023101231100100000101132---0000--040---0--0010000-----0-011111011101110120001211014111311122023222232020
Tethydraco_regalis	
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????014111??????????????????
Dsungaripterus_weii	
1010000101111041021000001200000-1001110000010-?---0000100211012211011100101011220--0000--1110--0--0110000-00000001111100110?000???0?2210??5?0031001??131222?2120
Noripterus_parvus	
1010000101111??????000001200000-1001110000010-?---000010021?01221101?100?0?0?1220--0000--?110--0--0110000-0000000?11??0??????????????????????0??0?1?????????????
Keresdrakon_vilsoni	
1010???????????????000???200000-00?????000?000?????????????????????????000???1220--000100?40---0--0010000-----0-0?111100??????002001????0152????????????????????
Tupuxuara_leonardii	
1011002002031051021000001200010-0001340000000-?????00110022101271101100030101132---000113140---0--0010000-----0-011111001???00002001?21001520131001?01313???2???
Thalassodromeus_sethi	
1011002002031?61021000001200010-0001340000000-11100001100221012711011000301011?2---000113140---0--0010000-----0-0???????????????????????????????????????????????
Aymberedactylus_cearensis	
???????????????????000???2?1?????????????????????????????????????????????????122---00011?140---0???010000-----0-????????????????????????????????????????????????
Tupandactylus_imperator	
1011002002031??????10?211201?10-0001331000000-??????0110?22?01221101???0?????122-??100112?40---0--0010000-----0-0???????????????????????????????????????????????
Caiuajara_dobruskii	
1011002002031??????100211201110-0001331000?00-???????1?00220?1221101101001??1122---100112140---0--0010000-----0-0?1111000?0?00002?01?21?11520?31??120???????????
Europejara_olcadesorum	
??????2???031???????0?????0????????????????0?????????????220?12???0???????1?112?---100112?40---0??0010000-----0-0???????????????????????????????????????????????
Tapejara_wellnhoferi	
101100200203102????100211201110-0001330000000-?????10110022001221101101001101122---100112140---0--0010000-----0-0?1111000?0?00002001?2101152003100120?31????2120
Sinopterus_dongi	
1011002002031??????100201201100-0001330000100-1100010110022?11211101?0?0?1???122---100110140---0--0010000-----0-0?1?11000???0000200??211?152??310??20?31222321??
Huaxiapterus_corollatus	
101????????????????1002?1201?00-0001330100100-??????????0??????????????0?1???1?2-??100110?40---0--0010000-----0-0?1?11??0???000???0??211??5???3???????31322321??
Huaxiapterus_benxiensis	
1011002002031??????10?2?1201?00-0001330100100-???????110022??1211101???0?1???122-??100110?40---0--0010000-----0-0?1?11??0????????????2????????3????20?31222?2120
Eopteranodon_lii	
101??0???2?????????10?2?12?1100-00013300??100-???????????????????????????????1?2-??0001???40---0??0010000-----0-0????????????????????21???5???2???????3?222?2???
Chaoyangopterus_zhangi	
101??1?0???????????00?101200?00-00????00--?00-???????????????1?????????0?0???1?2-??0000--?40---0??0010000-----0-0?102110????000???10?200??????310??20?31322?21?0
Shenzhoupterus_chaoyangensis	
1010012002031??????00?101200?00-0011550000000-?????0??2???2?01241101???0?0???122-??0000--?40---0??0010000-----0-0?1021??????0?0???1??200??5???310?????31222321??
Jidapterus_edentus_	
101????????????????0001?1200000-001???00--?00-?????????????????????????0?????132---0000--140---0--0010000-----0-0?1?2110??????0???1??200??5?0?310?????3122232120
Quetzalcoatlus_sp.	
10100020020????????000001200000-00014?00--?00-0---000010??210?????????000010?132---0000--140---0--0010000-----0-011031221?0?00002010?20?015200310?1???41322?2?20
Zhejiangopterus_linhaiensis	
10100020020?1??????00?001200000-0000--00--000-0---0000100?2?00--0-01??00?0???1?2-??0000--?40---0--0010000-----0-01??31221?0?000???10?200??5???310??20?413???2???
Azhdarcho_lancicollis	
???????????????????00????2??00??0?????0?--??0-?????????????1??????????00????????-????0????40-??0??0010000-----0-011031221???????????????015?0???????????????????
Ikrandraco_avatar	
10100000000110????100?001100000-0000--00--000-11001?01000311?0--0-00?000101011200??001112?000000??0010010100010001111101?????????????2????41??221?2201??2???????
Lonchodraco_giganteus	
1??????????????????000???1?0000-0?????0000????????????????????????????001????1?00?0?011?0???0?0000001201010001100???????????????????????????????????????????????
Haopterus_gracilis_	
1010???????????????0000?1100000-0000-?0?--?00-?????0???????????????????0????11210???010--020000000001101010001000???11??????111?1?0?22???04???2?1?????3?222???20
Hongshanopterus_lacustris	
?????????????03011000???11?00?0-0?????0?--?0???????????????1??????00??0010101?????????????200?00000010020000010001?11101????????????????????????????????????????
Nurhachius_ignaciobritoi	
10110020?1031??????000011100000-0000--00--000-1?10?01121032000--0?00000130?0?1210000010--?3000000000100200011100011111011???111020002211?041??221?2??131222?21??
Nurhachius_luei	
10110020010310?????000011100?0??0000--0---000-?????0?12?032?00--??00?0?13????1210100010--?30000000001002000111000?11?101????????????????????????????????????????
Liaoxipterus_brachyognathus	
????????????????????01???0???????????????????????????????????????????????????1100??00?????3?000000?0100200000100????????????????????????????????????????????????
Istiodactylus_latidens	
1011000111111??????001010000000-0000--00--000-1110?011211330?0--0-001?00?0?011100??0010--?30000000001002100001000?111?011???111020002?1?10411??2112?????????????
Istiodactylus_sinensis	
1011000111111??????00?010000000-0000--00--000-?????011211330?0--0-00?00030???11?0??0010--?300000000010021000010001??11??1???1?1???0??21???4???221????131222??1??
Zhenyuanopterus_longirostris	
1010002001011??????00?002?00?00-00014?0000000-1?00?0?101?22??0--1000?0?0?0???13????0000--?001000?000101002100?000?11110111001?1??????211??41??22????0?3122222120
Boreopterus_giganticus	
1010102001011??????00?002?00?00-0000------0?0-??????110??32????????????0?0???1?????0000--?001000?000101002100?0?0???????????????????????????????????????????????
Boreopterus_cuiae	
1010??200??????????00?002?00?00-0000------00??????????0??32????????????0?0???13???0000??-?001000?000?01002100?000???????????????????????????????????????????????
Ornithocheirus_simus	
10??????????????????00???0000?0-0?????????????????????????????????????00????????????????????0?1?000010000?1??0?10???????????????????????????????????????????????
Targaryendraco_wiedenrothi_comb._nov.	
????????????????????01?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01110010--00??11?00?010000?100001????????????????????????????????????????????????
Aussiedraco_molnari	
????????????????????01???????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?0111?000--?0??11?00?0??????????01????????????????????????????????????????????????
Barbosania_gracilirostris	
1010?0?0?0?????????001001000?00-0000------000-1????0?????21??0----00?0?1?????120??10000--?00111100001000021000010???????1???1?1???00?21???41??22???201??????2???
Cimoliopterus_cuvieri	
1???????????????????01???010000-0??1?20000????????????????????????????011?????????????????0???1?1100??????????010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Cimoliopterus_dunni	
1???????????????????01???010000-0??1?20000????????????????????????????011?????????????????0???1?1100??????????010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Aetodactylus_halli	
????????????????????01?????????????0------???????????????????????????????????12010000?0--00??01011?000000?1???01????????????????????????????????????????????????
Camposipterus_nasutus	
1???????????????????01???010000-0??0------????????????????????????????011?????????????????0???101100??????????010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Hamipterus_tianshanensis_	
10100020000?101101100000100000100001210011000-?????001010211?0--0-001001101011200200010--1001011000010000210000101111101????1?????00????10410022?12?0???????????
Iberodactylus_andreui	
????????????????????00???0000?100??1?10011????????????????????????????011?????????????????0???1?000010000?1??0?10???????????????????????????????????????????????
Tropeognathus_mesembrinus	
1010002000011010011000?0100000100001020000000-?????01001021101001000100220101110000000101000101?00001000011000010?1111011????11???002???????10?211??????????????
Siroccopteryx_moroccensis	
1???????????????????00???30000120??1??0000????????????????????????????021?????????????????0???11000010000??000010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Uktenadactylus_wadleighi	
1???????????????????00???30000120?????0000????????????????????????????021?????????????????0???110000??00??????010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Coloborhynchus_clavirostris	
1???????????????????00???30000120?????0000????????????????????????????021?????????????????0???110000??00??????010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Anhanguera_AMNH_22555	
1010102000011010011000101000002?0001020000000-1100101011021101001000100210101??????00?1?10001?1100101000021??00101111101?1??21112100????104110?21?2??1??????????
Anhanguera_blittersdorffi	
101010200001101001100010100000200001020000000-?????01011021101001000100210101???????00101?001?1100101000021000010???????????????????????????????????????????????
Anhanguera_piscator	
1010102000011?1????00010100000200001020000000-11001010110211010010001002?0101120???0001010001011001010000210000101111101?10121112100221110411022112??1??????2120
Liaoningopterus_gui
101?0?2000011???????0????000002000?1020000???????????0110211??????????0210?????0?????0101000101100101000021000010111?1??????????????????????????????????????????
Cearadactylus_atrox	
10100??0010?101????0?01010000?2000?1020000??????00??1011?211??????????021010?1200200000--000101100101000021000?10???????????????????????????????????????????????
Maaradactylus_kellneri	
101?0?2001011???????00?0?000002000?1020000??0?1??????0110211?1????????0210?????0??????1010001?1100101000021000?10???????????????????????????????????????????????
Ludodactylus_sibbicki	
10100000000110?????00?10100000??000???0000000-1100101001021101161100?00210??1120??1000101?00101100101000021000011???????????????????????????????????????????????
Guidraco_venator	
10?0000000011??????00?10100000??000???0000000-?????0?0010211?1161100?002?0?0?120???000?--?00101100101000021000011?1111??????????????????????????????????????????
Caulkicephalus_trimicrodon	
10????0??0??????????001??0000?2?0??10200000??????????????????11611????021??0??????????????00??110010???0???????1????????????????????????????????????????????????

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 02

Complete strict consensus tree of our analysis (Fig. S1).

FIGURE S1. Strict consensus tree of our analysis showing the phylogenetic relationships of Targaryendraco gen. nov. and the Targaryendraconia.