This Facebook_README.txt file was generated on 2020_03_03 by Marta Kowal (marta7kowal@gmail.com) ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- Title of Dataset: Reasons for Facebook usage: data from 46 countries Author Information: Principal Investigator: Piotr Sorokowski Contact(s): sorokowskipiotr@yahoo.co.uk Full author list: Marta Kowal1, Piotr Sorokowski1*, Agnieszka Sorokowska1, Małgorzata Dobrowolska2, Katarzyna Pisanski1, Anna Oleszkiewicz1, 3, Toivo Aavik4, Grace Akello5, Charlotte Alm6, Naumana Amjad7, Afifa Anjum7, Kelly Asao8, Chiemezie S. Atama9, Derya Atamtürk Duyar10, Richard Ayebare11, Mons Bendixen12, Aicha Bensafia13, Boris Bizumic14, Mahmoud Boussena13, David M. Buss15, Marina Butovskaya16, Seda Can17, Katarzyna Cantarero18, Antonin Carrier19, Hakan Cetinkaya20, Daniel Conroy-Beam21, Marco A. Correa Varella22, Rosa M. Cueto23, Marcin Czub1, Daria Dronova16, Seda Dural17, Izzet Duyar10, Berna Ertugrul10, Agustín Espinosa23, Ignacio Estevan24, Carla S. Esteves25, Tomasz Frąckowiak1, Jorge Contreras-Graduño26, Farida Guemaz27, Ivana Hromatko28, Chin-Ming Hui29, Iskra Herak19, Jas L. Jaafar30, Feng Jiang31, Konstantinos Kafetsios32, Tina Kavcic33, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair12, Nicolas Kervyn19, Nils C. Köbis34, András Láng35, Georgina R. Lennard14, Ernesto León23, Torun Lindholm6, Giulia Lopez36, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba37, Alvaro Mailhos24, Zoi Manesi34, Rocio Martinez38, Sarah L. McKerchar14, Norbert Meskó39, Girishwar Misra40, Hoang Moc Lan41, Conal Monaghan14, Emanuel C. Mora42, Alba MoyaGarofano38, Bojan Musil43, Jean C. Natividade44, George Nizharadze45, Elisabeth Oberzaucher46, Mohd S. Omar Fauzee47, Ike E. Onyishi9, Baris Özener10, Ariela F. Pagani36, Vilmante Pakalniskiene48, Miriam Parise36, Farid Pazhoohi49, Mariia Perun50, Annette Pisanski42, 51, Nejc Plohl43, Camelia Popa22, Pavol Prokop52, 53, Muhammad Rizwan54, Mario Sainz55, Svjetlana Salkičević28, Ruta Sargautyte48, Susanne Schmehl46, Oksana Senyk50, Rizwana Shaikh56, Shivantika Sharad57, Franco Simonetti58, Meri Tadinac28, Truong Thi Khanh Ha41, Trinh Thi Linh41, Karina Ugalde González59, Nguyen Van Luot41, Christin- Melanie Vauclair25, Luis D. Vega Araya59, Gyesook Yoo60, Stanislava Yordanova Stoyanova61, Zainab F. Zadeh62, Maja Zupančič35. 1University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland. 2Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland. 3Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany. 4University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. 5Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda. 6Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 7University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. 8Westminster College, Salt Lake City, USA 9University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. 10Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 11THETA Uganda, Kampala, Uganda. 12Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. 13University Algiers2, Algeria. 14Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. 15University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA. 16Institute of ethnology and anthropology, Moscow, Russia. 17Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey. 18SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland. 19Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 20Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. 21University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA. In review 22University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 23Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Perú. 24University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. 25Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal. 26National Autonomous University of Mexico, ENES, Morelia, Mexico. 27University Setif2, Algeria. 28University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 29Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 30University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 31Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China. 32University of Crete, Crete, Greece. 33University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia. 34University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 35University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 36Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy. 37Middle East University, Amman, Jordan. 38University of Granada, Grenada, Spain. 39University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. 40University of Delhi, Delhi, India. 41VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. 42University of Havana, Havana, Cuba. 43University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. 44Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 45Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia. 46University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 47University Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia. 48Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. 49Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada. 50Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine. 51University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 52Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. 53Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. 54COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. 55School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. 56Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. 57Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. 58Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. 59Latin University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 60Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 61South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. 62Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan. Participants: A total of 16,465 individuals from 46 countries (68 study sites) participated in this research. Of these, 11,765 participants reported using Facebook and thus were included in analyses, whereas 4,700 (28.5%) were excluded from further analysis as individuals who did not meet the study criteria (i.e. do not use Facebook), or did not complete the questionnaire. In order to create as diverse and yet comparable samples from each country as possible, members of the research team were instructed to recruit half of their participants from samples of local students, and the other half from the local community at large. From study sites that kept records of the source of their samples (22 countries), 47.14% of participants came from community samples. We exercised great care to ensure similar recruitment methods in all study sites, which included poster adverts, emails, and word-of-mouth. Participants were not compensated for their participation in the study. Acknowledgments: The publication is financed within the framework of the programme titled "Dialogue" introduced by the Minister of Science and Higher Education between 2016-2019. Moreover, the author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for their research: State assignment of the Institute of ethnology and anthropology, Moscow, Russia (Butovskaya, M., Dronova, D.). -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- Recommended citation for the data: Kowal, Sorokowski, Sorokowska, Dobrowolska, Pisanski, Oleszkiewicz et al. (2020). Reasons for Facebook usage: data from 46 countries. Frontiers in Psychology. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: https://figshare.com/s/68f306f31958d9a5c0c0 -------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW -------------------- File list (filenames, directory structure (for zipped files) and brief description of all data files): -README_facebook (.txt; the short description of the database) -Database_facebook (.xls; raw data) -CODEBOOK_facebook (.doc; definitions of variables and values, along with a short summary of each variable) -Facebook_questionnaire (.doc; Facebook questionnaire, including questions regarding the reasons for Facebook usage) -Preliminary_analysis (.doc; Preliminary analysis regarding reasons for Faceboo usage, including 3 tables. Table 2 depicts Cross-cultural differences in reasons for Facebook usage; Table 3 depicts Differences between men and women in reasons for Facebook usage; Table 4 depicts Relationships between age and reasons for Facebook usage (r, 95% CI), with and without controlling for gender). -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: see authors list. -------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION Database_facebook -------------------------- Number of variables: 30 Number of cases/rows: 11765 Variable list: Your continent [name of participants' continent] Your country [name of participants' country] 1. Sex: 1 male 2 female [participants' sex; 1 is coded as male, 2 is coded as female] 2. Age (in years) [age in years] 3. Relationship. 1 single, 2 dating, 3 engaged, 4 married, 5 divorced, 6 widowed [each number represents a relationship status, ranging from 1 to 6] 4a. Relationship length - years [a number in this column stands for a number of participants' years in a relationship] 4b. Relationship length - months [a number in this column stands for a number of participants' months in a relationship; column 4a and 4b are joint, i.e. if a person was in a relationship 4 years and 3 months, s/he filled 4 in a column 4a, and 3 in a column 4b] 5. Number of children [a number in this column stands for a number of participants' children] 6. Education 1 no formal, 2 primary school, 3 secondary school, 4 high school/technical college, 5 - degree [each number represents participants' attained education level, ranging from 1 to 5] 7. years studying [a number in this column stands for a number of years that a given person studied] 8. kind of studies (text) [self-reported by participants kind of studies, if applicable] 9. economic situation 1-much lower than average, 2-lower, 3-average, 4-higher, 5-much higher [each number represents participants' self reported economic situation, ranging from 1 to 5] 10. difficulties (1 to 7) [Full question: Please try to assess how difficult it is for your family to meet the monthly payments; ranging from 1 - not at all difficult to 7 - extremely difficult] 11. Religious affiliation 1 yes, 2 no [Full question: Do you have religious affiliation?; 1 represtents yes, 2 represents no] 12. current affiliation (text) [participants' self-reported religious affiliation] 13. I am very religious: 1 strongly disagree, 2 disagree, 3-neither agree nor disagree, 4-agree, 5-strongly agree [a number in this column stands for participants' agreement with the statement: "I am very religious"; ranging from 1 to 5] 1. do you use? 1 yes, 2 no [Question regarding whether a participant use Facebook; 1 stands for yes, 2 stands for no] [the following list includes 13 reasons for Facebook usage. Participants answered on a Likert scale, ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Keep in touch with friends (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Keep in touch with friends'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Reconnect with people I’ve lost contact (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Reconnect with people I’ve lost contact'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Relieve boredom (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Relieve boredom'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Organize or join events (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Organize or join events'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Join groups (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Join groups'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Present my opinions and beliefs (social, political, etc.) (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to OPresent my opinions and beliefs (social, political, etc.)'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] See what my friends do (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to See what my friends do'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Inform other people what I do (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Inform other people what I do'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Post pictures and share pictures (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Post pictures and share pictures'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Write private messages (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Write private messages'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Make new friends (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Make new friends'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Date new people (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Date new people'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Look at the profiles of people I don’t know (1-5) [Full question: 'I use Facebook to Look at the profiles of people I don’t know'; ranging from 1 - very rarely to 5 - very often] Missing data codes: empty cells