Data from: Carbon Fluxes from a Spring Wheat-Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation Under No-Tillage Management



Mark A. Liebig, Nicanor Z. Saliendra, David W. Archer



Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 2022, Volume 5, Issue 3, e20291



https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20291



Description:

The increase in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in rainfed cropping systems of the northern Great Plains has altered the delivery of ecosystem services from agricultural land. A study was conducted to quantify carbon balance of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn-soybean rotation under no-till management using eddy covariance techniques over a 3-yr period. Paired field sites with the same soil type near Mandan, ND USA were used for the study. Data from the study included fluxes of carbon dioxide and water vapor, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation, soil temperature, soil water content, vegetation phenology, green chromatic coordinate, aboveground biomass, leaf area index, and grain yield. Data were used to generate estimates of net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, gross ecosystem production, net ecosystem carbon balance, evapotranspiration, vapor pressure deficit, relative greenness of vegetation, and carbon-, water-, and light-use efficiencies. Data are generally applicable to rainfed conditions under a semiarid Continental climate for Temvik-Wilton silt loams (fine silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic and Pachic Haplustolls) and related soil types (i.e., Grassna, Linton, Mandan, and Williams).



Tags:

net ecosystem production, aboveground net primary productivity, gross primary productivity, carbon use efficiency, Northern Great Plains



Groups:



License:

U.S. Public Domain



Dataset Information:

  Geographic Coverage: (*.zip file of ArcMap-generated GIS layers - polygons and points)

  Spatial Description: The study sites, fields h5 and i2, are within the Area 4 Soil Conservation Districts (SCD) Cooperative Research Farm <https://www.area4farm.org/> near Mandan, ND, USA.

  Frequency:

  Temporal Coverage: 2016/01/01 to 2018/12/31

  Contact Name: Saliendra, Nicanor

  Contact Email: nicanor.saliendra@usda.gov

  Public Access Level: Public

  Resources:



1) Filename: ReadMe.txt

This text document.



2) Filename: Data_dictionary_LTAR-CCE-NP-BAU-Fields_2016-2018.xlsx

Description: Excel spreadsheet has two tabs (worksheets), a) Data Dictionary and b) Description of Fields



3) Filename: Polygons_points_h5_i2_2016-2018.zip

Description: Shapefiles generated with ArcMap: a) polygons (h5 & i2 fields) and b) points (10 sampling sites per field).



4) Filename: h5_i2_fields_points_i2-EC-station-photo.zip

Description: ArcMap-generated map of eddy covariance (EC) fields (h5 & i2) and sampling sites on a NAIP-image taken on 2016-09-09, & a photo of EC-station near the center of field-i2



5) Filename: Daily_micromet-EC-flux-h5-i2_2016-2018.csv

Description: Daily averages, standard error of the mean (n = 96 = 48 obs/day * 2 fields), and totals of micrometeorological variables (SRin, PCPN, SWC, Tair, Tsoil, VPD, PAR) and eddy covariance fluxes (net ecosystem exchange for CO2 [NEE] and evapotranspiration [ET]).



6) Filename: Cumulative_NEP_GEP_ET_PAR_h5-i2_2016-2018.csv

Description: Elements (variables or columns) at daily intervals (i.e., 24-h periods) for the growing season: cumulative values of carbon fluxes (g C per square meter per day), expressed as net ecosystem production (NEP = -NEE) and gross ecosystem production (GEP = NEP + Ecosystem Respiration), cumulative sunlight (PAR, Photosynthetically Active Radiation), and cumulative water flux (ET, evapotranspiration).



7) Filename: AGB_GY_HI_NEP_NECB_h5_i2_2016-2018.csv

Description: Above-ground biomass (AGB), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), net ecosystem production (NEP), and net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) at the end of growing season. End of growing season vegetation samples were hand-harvested by clipping near the ground surface at 10 sampling sites (replicates) in two fields (h5 & i2) at the Area 4 SCD Cooperative Research Farm <https://www.area4farm.org/>.



8) Filename: LAI-max_h5_i2_2016-2018.csv

Description: Leaf area index (LAI) was measured destructively at about 10- to 14-day intervals from seedling to full-flowering stage. A 2-feet segment of a row crop was clipped near the ground surface and green leaf area was measured in the laboratory with a leaf area meter (model LI-3100, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). The same 10 sampling sites in each of two eddy covariance fields (h5 & i2) were used each year (2016-2018).



9) Filename: Monthly_micromet_h5-i2_2016-2018.csv

Description: Monthly averages and standard errors of the mean for SRin (incoming short-wave solar radiation), Tair and Tsoil (air and soil temperature), VPD (vapor pressure deficit), soil water content (SWC) at 5 cm depth, and total precipitation.



10) Filename: half-hourly_micromet-EC-flux_2016-2018.csv

Description: Continuous measurements (30-minute averaging) of micrometeorological data and computations of eddy fluxes: net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), gross ecosystem production (GEP), and evapotranspiration (ET) at two fields (h5 & i2) in the Area 4 SCD Cooperative Research Farm <https://www.area4farm.org/>. Raw data (10-Hz) from eddy covariance measurements were processed with EddyPro software (Li-Cor Inc.) <https://www.licor.com/env/products/eddy_covariance/eddypro> into half-hourly fluxes, which were quality-assured with a SAS algorithm. Quality-assured CO2 fluxes (or NEE), latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes plus corresponding micrometeorological variables were submitted to REddyProcWeb <https://bgc.iwww.mpg.de/5622399/REddyProc>, an online tool for gap-filling and flux-partitioning of NEE into ER and GEP.



11) Filename: PhenoCam_2016-2018.csv

Description: Daily gcc_90 (green chromatic coordinate, 90th percentile) from the PhenoCam website (i.e., https://phenocam.nau.edu/webcam/roi/mandanh5/AG_1000/ and https://phenocam.nau.edu/webcam/roi/mandani2/AG_1000/). Relative gcc_90 was calculated as:

Relative GCC_90 (%) = 100 * (DailyGCC_90 − GCC_90_min) ÷ (GCC_90_max − GCC_90_min)

This delineated the start and end of the annual crop's growing season in a 3-year rotation of spring wheat-corn-soybean.



Extended Metadata

  Authors: Nicanor Z. Saliendra, Mark A. Liebig, David W. Archer (USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND, USA)

    Emails: nicanor.saliendra@usda.gov; mark.liebig@usda.gov; david.archer@usda.gov

 Purpose and Methods

    Intended Use: A study on 3-year rotation of spring wheat-corn-soybean (2016-2018) was conducted in paired fields under no-till, rainfed, semiarid environment near Mandan, North Dakota, USA (long-term mean annual precipitation and temperature of 420 mm and 6 °C, respectively; 1914-2016). For a similar environment, half-hourly and daily summaries of eddy fluxes and ancillary measurements (attributes of weather and aboveground vegetation) can be used to:

1) Parameterize mechanistic models on gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET)

2) Upscale eddy fluxes [e.g., gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ET] to the landscape and regional levels using remote sensing

    Equipment and Software Used: (listed in ADC dataset)