Ecological Archives A014-030-A1

Heike K. Lotze and Inka Milewski. 2004. Two centuries of multiple human impacts and successive changes in a North Atlantic food web. Ecological Applications 14:1428–1447.

Appendix A. A list of additional references for data sources from the literature.

Additional references for

(1) Marine mammals

(2) Marine birds

(3) Diadromous fish

(4) Marine fish

(5) Invertebrates and plants

(6) Plankton

(1) Marine mammals

Anonymous. 1880. Porpoise shooting. Scribner's Monthly, Scribner & Co. Vol. XX:801–811.

Black, D. W., J. E. Reading, and H. G. Savage. 1998. Archaeological records of the extinct Sea Mink, Mustela macrodon (Carnivora: Mustelidae), from Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist 112:45–49.

Brown, M. W., and S. D. Kraus. 1996. North Atlantic Right Whales. Pages 92–94 in J. A. Percy, P. G. Wells, and A. J. Evans, editors. Bay of Fundy Issues: a scientific overview. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 8.

Caswell, H., S. Brault, A. J. Read, and T. D. Smith. 1998. Harbor porpoise and fisheries: An uncertainty analysis of incidental mortality. Ecological Applications 8:1226–1238.

Colbourne, P. L., and J. M. Terhune. 1991. Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) do not follow herring movements in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Ophelia 33:105–112.

Gannon, D. P., J. E. Craddock, and A. J. Read. 1998. Autumn food habits of harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in the Gulf of Maine. Fisheries Bulletin 96:428–437.

Gaskin, D. E. 1991. An update on the status of the right whale, Eubalaena glacialis , in Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist 105:198–205.

Gaskin, D. E. 1992. Status of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena , in Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist 106:36–54.

Gaskin, D. E., and G. J. D. Smith. 1979. Observations on marine mammals, birds and environmental conditions in the Head Harbour region of the Bay of Fundy. Pages 69–86 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Gaskin, D. E., G. J. D. Smith, and A. P. Watson. 1975. Preliminary study of movements of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Bay of Fundy, using radio telemetric methods. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:1466–1471.

Jacobs, S. R., and J. M. Terhune. 2000. Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) numbers along the New Brunswick coast of the Bay of Fundy in autumn in relation to aquaculture. Northeastern Naturalist 7:289–296.

Katona, S. K., V. Rough, and D. T. Richardson. 1993. A field guide to whales, porpoises, and seals from Cape Cod to Newfoundland. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA.

Knowlton, A. R., S. D. Kraus, and R. D. Kenney. 1994. Reproduction in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:1297–1305.

Kovacs, K. M., K. M. Jones, and S. E. Welke. 1990. Sea and age segregation by Phoca vitulina concolor at haul-out sites during the breeding season in the Passamaquoddy Bay region, New Brunswick. Marine Mammal Science 6:204–214.

Kovacs, K. M., and S. Innes. 1990. The impact of tourism on harp seals (Phoca groenlandica ) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Applied Animal Behavioral Science 26:15–26.

Kraus, S. D., A. J. Read, A. Solow, K. Baldwin, T. Spradlin, E. Anderson, and J. Williamson. 1997. Acoustic alarms reduce porpoise mortality. Nature 388:525.

Laist, D. W., A. R. Knowlton, J. G. Mead, A. S. Collet, and M. Podesta. 2001. Collisions between ships and whales. Marine Mammal Science 17:35–75.

Leighton, A. H. 1937. The twilight of the Indian porpoise hunters. Natural History 40:410–416, 458.

Mate, B. R., S. L. Nieukirk, and S. D. Kraus. 1997. Satellite-monitored movements of the northern right whale. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:1393–1405.

McAlpine, D. F., P. T. Stevick, and L. D. Murison. 1999a. Increase in extralimital occurrences of ice-breeding seals in the northern Gulf of Maine region: more seals of fewer fish? Marine Mammal Science 15:906–911.

McAlpine, D. F., P. T. Stevick, L. D. Murison, and S. D. Turnbill. 1999b. Extralimital records of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the Bay of Fundy and Northern Gulf of Maine. Northeastern Naturalist 6:225–230.

McAlpine, D. F., and R. H. Walker. 1990. Extralimital records of the harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, from the western North Atlantic: a review. Marine Mammal Science 6:248–252.

Murison, L. D., and D. E. Gaskin. 1989. The distribution of right whales and zooplankton in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:1411–1420.

Percy, J. A. 1996. Right Whales - Wrong Places? North Atlantic Right Whales in the Bay of Fundy. Fundy Issues, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership fact sheet 6:1–4.

Prescott, J. H., and P. M. Fiorelli. 1980. Review of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the U.S. North Atlantic. Final report to U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, Washington, USA, MMC-78/08.

Reeves, R. R., and M. F. Barto. 1985. Whaling in the Bay of Fundy. Whalewatcher 19:14–18.

Reeves, R. R., J. G. Mead, and S. Katona. 1978. The right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, in the Western North Atlantic. Report to the International Whaling Commission 28:303–312.

Reeves, R. R., and E. Mitchell. 1983. Yankee whaling for right whales in the North Atlantic Ocean. Whalewatcher 17:3–8.

Rosenfeld, M., M. George, and J. M. Terhune. 1988. Evidence of autumnal harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, movement from Canada to the United States. Canadian Field Naturalist 102:527–529.

Schaeff, C. M., S. D. Kraus, M. W. Brown, and B. N. White. 1993. Assessment of the population structure of western North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis ) based on sighting and mtDNA data. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:339–345.

Smith, R. J., and A. J. Read. 1992. Consumption of euphausiids by harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena ) calves in the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:1629–1632.

Squires, W. A. 1946. Changes in mammal population in New Brunswick. Acadian Naturalist 2:26–44.

Stobo, W. T. 1996. Seals and seal issues. Pages 89-92 in J. A. Percy, P. G. Wells, and A. J. Evans, editors. Bay of Fundy Issues: a scientific overview. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 8.

Stobo, W. T., and G. M. Fowler. 1994. Aerial surveys of seals in the Bay of Fundy and off southwest Nova Scotia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1943:1–57.

Stobo, W. T. Z., and K. C. T. Zwanenburg. 1990. Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus ) pup production on Sable Island and estimates of recent production in the Northwest Atlantic. Pages 171-184 in W. D. Bowen, editor. Population biology of sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada.

Strong, M. B., E. A. Trippel, D. S. Clark, J. D. Neilson, and B. D. Chang. 1995. Potential impacts of use of acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) on marine mammals in the Quoddy region based on a study conducted in British Columbia waters. DFO Atlantic Fisheries Research Document 95/127:1–4.

Trippel, E. A., M. B. Strong, J. M. Terhune, and J. D. Conway. 1999. Mitigation of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by-catch in the gillnet fishery in the lower Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:113–123.

Trippel, E. A., J. Y. Wang, M. B. Strong, L. S. Carter, and J. D. Conway. 1996. Incidental mortality of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by gill-net fishery in the lower Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:1294–1300.

Wang, J. Y., D. E. Gaskin, and B. N. White. 1996. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, subpopulations in North American waters. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:1632–1645.

Woodley, T. H., M. W. Brown, S. D. Kraus, and D. E. Gaskin. 1991. Organochlorine levels in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis ) blubber. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21:141–145.

Woodley, T. H., and D. E. Gaskin. 1996. Environmental characteristics of North Atlantic right and fin whale habitat in the lower Bay of Fundy, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:75–84.

Woodley, T. H., and A. J. Read. 1991. Potential rates of increase of a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population subjected to incidental mortality in commercial fisheries. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:2429–2435.

(2) Marine birds

Audubon, N. A. S. 2002. The Christmas Bird Count Historical Results. Available online at http://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc.

Boardman, S. L. 1903. The naturalist of the St. Croix River. Privately printed, Charles H. Glass and Company, Bangor, Maine, USA.

Braune, B. M., and D. E. Gaskin. 1982a. Feeding ecology of nonbreeding populations of larids off Deer Island, New Brunswick. Auk 99:67–76.

Braune, B. M., and D. E. Gaskin. 1982b. Feeding methods and diving rates of migrating larids off Deer Island, New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:2190–2197.

Brown, R. G. B. 1974. The possible effects of oil spills on marine birds. Pages 161–171 in Environment Canada, editor. Summary of physical, biological, socio-economic and other factors relevant to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy region of the Bay of Fundy. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Technical Report 428.

Brown, R. G. B., and D. E. Gaskin. 1988. The pelagic ecology of the Grey and Red-necked Phalaropes Phalaropus fulicarius and P. lobatus in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. Ibis 130:234–250.

Canadian Wildlife Service. 1979. Summary of unpublished surveys of waterfowl and seabirds in Passamaquoddy region 1973–79. Pages 61–67 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Duncan, C. D. 1996. Phalaropes in the Bay of Fundy. Pages 87-88 in J. A. Percy, P. G. Wells, and A. J. Evans, editors. Bay of Fundy Issues: a scientific overview. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 8.

Erskine, A. J. 1997. Canada Goose studies in the Maritime Provinces 1950-1992. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 7.

Erskine, A. J. 1997a. Wild-breeding Canada Geese in the Maritime Provinces. Pages 124–127 in A. J. Erskine, editor. Canada Goose studies in the Maritime Provinces 1950-1992, Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 7.

Erskine, A. J. 1997b. Feeding and habitat use by Canada Geese in the Maritime Provinces. Pages 128-130 in A. J. Erskine, editor. Canada Goose studies in the Maritime Provinces 1950–1992. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 7.

Erskine, A. J. 1997c. Hunter kill of Canada Geese in the Atlantic Provinces. Pages 155–163 in A. J. Erskine, editor. Canada Goose studies in the Maritime Provinces 1950-1992. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 7.

Gaskin, D. E., and G. J. D. Smith. 1979. Observations on marine mammals, birds and environmental conditions in the Head Harbour region of the Bay of Fundy. Pages 69–86 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Hamilton, D. J. 2000a. Direct and indirect effects of predation by Common Eiders and abiotic disturbance in an intertidal community. Ecology 70:21–43.

Hamilton, D. J. 2000b. Community-level interactions between birds and aquatic macrophytes: lessons for a rockweed harvest? Pages 25–29 in R. W. Rangeley and J. Davies, editors. Gulf of Maine Rockweed: Management in the face of scientific uncertainty. Proceedings of the GPAC workshop. Huntsman Marine Science Centre Occasional Report 00/1, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

Hicklin, P. W. 1987. The migration of shorebirds in the Bay of Fundy. Wilson Bulletin 99:540–570.

Hicklin, P. W. 1996. Birds. Pages 76-89 in J. A. Percy, P. G. Wells, and A. J. Evans, editors. Bay of Fundy Issues: a scientific overview. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 8.

Hicklin, P. W., and P. C. Smith. 1984. Studies on birds in the Bay of Fundy: a review. Pages 311–367 in D. C. Gordon, Jr. and M. J. Dadswell, editors. Update of the marine environmental consequences of tidal power development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1256.

Huettmann, F., K. MacIntosch, C. Stevens, T. Dean, and A. W. Diamond. 2000. A large mid-winter observation of Bonaparte's Gulls, Larus philadelphia, in Head Harbour Passage, New Brunswick. Canadian Field Naturalist 114:327–330.

Lock, A. R., R. G. B. Brown, and S. H. Gerriets. 1994. Gazetteer of marine birds in Atlantic Canada: an atlas of sea birds vulnerability to oil pollution. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Canada.

Mawhinney, K., A. W. Diamond, P. Kehoe, and N. Benjamin. 1999. Status and productivity of Common Eiders in relation to Great Black-backed Gulls and Herring Gulls in the Southern Bay of Fundy and the Northern Gulf of Maine. Waterbirds 22:253–262.

Mercier, F. M., and D. E. Gaskin. 1985. Feeding ecology of migrating Red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus) in the Quoddy region, New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:1062–1067.

Morrison, R. I. G., C. Downes, and B. Collins. 1994. Population trends of shorebirds on fall migration in eastern Canada 1974-1991. Wilson Bulletin 106:431–447.

Nol, E., and D. E. Gaskin. 1987. Distribution and movements of Black Guillemots (Cepphus grylle) in coastal waters of the southwestern Bay of Fundy, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:2682–2689.

Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, I. Thomas, J. Fallon, and G. Gough. 2000. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966–1999. Available online at http://www.mbr.nbs.gov/bbs/ Version 98.1, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA.

Squires, W. A. 1976. The birds of New Brunswick. New Brunswick Museum Monograph Series 7:1–221.

Tasker, M. L., C. J. Camphusen, J. Cooper, S. Garthe, W. A. Montevecchi, and S. J. M. Blaber. 2000. The impacts of fishing on marine birds. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:531–547.

Winn, H. E. 1950. The Black Guillemot of Kent Island. Auk 67:477–485.

(3) Diadromous fish

Anonymous. 1896. Report to the Joint Commission relative to the preservation of the fisheries of waters contiguous to Canada and the United States. Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada.

Anonymous. 1999. Review of the status of anadromous salmon (Salmo salar) under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Anadromous Atlantic Salmon Biological Review Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA.

Anonymous. 2000. Anadromous alewives and freshwater smallmouth bass on the St. Croix System, Maine and New Brunswick. St. Croix Fisheries Steering Committee, St. Croix International Waterway Commission, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada.

Carr, J., and F. Whoriskey. 1999. Magaguadavic River Research Program: annual report for 1999. Atlantic Salmon Federation, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

Carr, J. W., J. M. Anderson, F. G. Whoriskey, and T. Dilworth. 1997. The occurrence and spawning of cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a Canadian river. ICES Journal of Marine Science 54:1064–1073.

Chang, B. D., and W. M. Watson-Wright. 1997. Aquaculture research at the St. Andrews Biological Station: past, present and future. Pages 105–108 in M. D. B. Burt and S. L. Waddy, editors. Huntsman Marine Science Centre Symposium: Coldwater aquaculture to the year 2000, September 1995. Aquaculture Association of Canada, Special Publication 2, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

Havey, K. A. 1963. St. Croix River Fish Management and Restoration. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game, Machias, Maine, USA.

Marshall, T. L., G. J. Chaput, P. G. Amiro, D. K. Cairns, R. A. Jones, S. F. O'Neill, and J. A. Ritter. 1999. Assessments of Atlantic salmon stocks of the Maritimes Region, 1998. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/25.

Martin, J. D. 1984. Atlantic salmon and alewife passage through a pool and weir fishway on the Magaguadavic River, New Brunswick, during 1983. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1776:1–11.

Percy, J. A. 1996. Farming Fundy's fishes. Aquaculture in the Bay of Fundy. Fundy Issues, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership fact sheet 7:1–4.

Prince, E. E. 1912. The shad fishery of Canada and its restoration. Pages 120-139 in Commission of Conservation Canada, editor. Sea-fisheries of Eastern Canada. The Mortimer Co., Ottawa, Canada.

Swetnam, D. A. B., and H. G. Bernard. 1979. Diadromous fish landings in Charlotte county, N.B., and the Bay of Fundy 1970–78. Pages 9–13 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Whoriskey, F. 2000. Infectious Salmon Anaemia: a review and the lessons learned from wild salmon on Canada's east coast. Pages 46–51 in P. Gallaugher and C. Orr, editors. Aquaculture and the protection of wild salmon. Speaking for the salmon: workshop proceedings, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

(4) Marine fish

Battle, H. I. 1931. Fundy fishery: the mackerel fishery. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Manuscript Reports of the Biological Stations 421.

Caddy, J. F., and R. A. Chandler. 1976. Historical Statistics of Landings of Inshore Species in the Maritime Provinces 1947 – '73. Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Report 639:1–240.

Commission of Conservation Canada. 1912. Sea-Fisheries of Eastern Canada. The Mortimer Co., Ottawa, Canada.

Cowie, J. J. 1912. Sea-fisheries of Eastern Canada. Pages 94–119 in Commission of Conservation Canada, editor. Sea-fisheries of Eastern Canada. The Mortimer Co., Ottawa, Canada.

Dadswell, M. J., R. Bradford, A. H. Leim, D. J. Scarratt, G. D. Melvin, and R. G. Appy. 1984. A review of research on fishes and fisheries in the Bay of Fundy between 1976 and 1983 with particular reference to its upper reaches. Pages 163–294 in D. C. Gordon, Jr. and M. J. Dadswell, editors. Update of the marine environmental consequences of tidal power development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1256.

Drinkwater, K. 1997. Impacts of climate variability on Atlantic Canada fish and shellfish stocks. Pages 21–34 in R. W. Shaw, editor. Climate change and climate variability in Atlantic Canada. Environment Canada, Atlantic Region Occasional Report 9.

Gotceitas, V., S. Fraser, and J. A. Brown. 1997. Use of eelgrass beds (Zostera marina) by juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1306–1319.

Graham, M. 1936. Investigations of the herring of Passamaquoddy and adjacent regions. Journal of the Biological Board of Canada 2:95–140.

Hunstman, A. G. 1938. International Passamaquoddy fishery investigations. Journal Counceil 13:357–369.

Huntsman, A. G. 1922. The Fishes of the Bay of Fundy. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1921:49–72.

Huntsman, A. G. 1931. Temperature and the Passamaquoddy fishery. Biological Board of Canada, Progress Report 1:14–15.

Huntsman, A. G. 1933. Heat and cold make herring seasons in Passamaquoddy. Biological Board of Canada, Progress Report 7:3–6.

Huntsman, A. G. 1953. How Passamaquoddy produces sardines. Studies from the stations of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 346:1–8.

Huntsman, A. G., and A. W. H. Needler. 1927. Fluctuations in the haddock fishery of the Bay of Fundy. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries 3:425–436.

Iles, T. D. 1979. The ecology of the herring fisheries of the Bay of Fundy. Pages 27–52 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Jacobi, C. 1984. Report on the Japanese tuna longline fishery 1983–1984. Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Scotia-Fundy Region). Observer Program.

Jury, S. H., J. D. Field, S. L. Stone, D. M. Nelson, and M. E. Monaco. 1994. Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in North Atlantic estuaries. NOAA/NOS Strategic Environmental Assessments Division, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, ELMR Report 13:1–221.

Kohler, A. C. 1979. Annual groundfish landings' and values' data for Charlotte county and Bay of Fundy ports for 1968–1978. Pages 53-56 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Macdonald, J. S., M. J. Dadswell, R. G. Appy, G. D. Melvin, and D. A. Methven. 1984. Fishes, fish assemblages, and their seasonal movements in the lower Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay, Canada. Fisheries Bulletin 82:121–139.

Martin, W. R. 1960. Predicted effects on proposed tidal power structures on groundfish catches in Charlotte County, N.B. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 17:169–173.

McKenzie, R. A., and S. N. Tibbo. 1960. Herring fishery in Southwestern New Brunswick. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 17:133–168.

Melvin, G. D. 1976. A collection of fishes from Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick. Hunstman Marine Laboratory Report, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

Miller, D. S., and T. D. Isles. 1975. Catch statistics for the Bay of Fundy herring fisheries 1963-1974. Fisheries Marine Service Technical Report 594:1–75.

Needler, A. W. H. 1931. The migration of haddock and the interrelationships of haddock populations in North American waters. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries 6:241–314.

Parrish, B. B. 1958. An appraisal of the Passamaquoddy herring problem. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Manuscript Report Series 668.

Percy, J. A. 2000a. Fishing in Fundy - harming seafloor habitats? Fundy Issues, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership fact sheet 14:1–12.

Rangeley, R. W., and D. L. Kramer. 1995. Use of rocky intertidal habitats by juvenile pollock Pollachius virens. Marine Ecology Progress Series 126:9–17.

Scattergood, L. W., and L. J. Lozier. 1964. Herring fishery of the U.S. Passamaquoddy region. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Science Report on Fisheries 476:1–21.

Steele, D. H. 1963. Pollock (Pollachius virens (L.)) in the Bay of Fundy. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 20:1267–1314.

Stephenson, R. L., and M. J. Power. 1988. Semidial vertical movements in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus larvae: a mechanism for larval retention? Marine Ecology Progress Series 50:3–11.

(5) Invertebrates and plants

Arnold, D. C. 1976. Local denudation of the sublittoral fringe by the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Muller). Canadian Field Naturalist 90:186–187.

Breen, P. A. 1980. Relations among lobster, sea urchins, and kelp in Nova Scotia. Pages 24–32 in J. D. Pringle, G. J. Sharp, and J. F. Caddy, editors. Proceedings of the workshop on the relationship between sea urchin grazing and commercial plant/animal harvesting. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and aquatic Sciences 954.

Butler, M. A. E. 1999. Scallop stock update for SPA 6, Grand Manan and Southwest New Brunswick - 1998. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/60.

Campbell, A. 1979. Invertebrates and marine plants commercial landings in the Passamaquoddy region and the Bay of Fundy, 1973–1978. Pages 19-26 in D. J. Scarratt, editor. Evaluation of recent data relative to potential oil spills in the Passamaquoddy area. Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Report 901.

Clark, S. H., S. X. Cadrin, D. F. Schick, P. J. Diodati, M. P. Armstrong, and D. McCarron. 2000. The Gulf of Maine shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery: a review of the record. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science 27:193–226.

DFO (Department of Fisheries and Oceans). 1997. Area 6 Southwest New Brunswick Scallop. DFO Science Stock Status Report C3-25.

DFO. 1998a. Bay of Fundy Lobster (LFAs 35, 36 and 38). DFO Science Stock Status Report C3-61.

DFO. 1998b. Periwinkle (Littorina littorea). DFO Science Stock Status Report C3-46.

Dow, R. L., and F. T. Baird, Jr. 1960. Scallop resource of the United States Passamaquoddy Area. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report, Fisheries 367:1–9.

Drinkwater, K. 1997. Impacts of climate variability on Atlantic Canada fish and shellfish stocks. Pages 21–34 in R. W. Shaw, editor. Climate change and climate variability in Atlantic Canada. Environment Canada Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 9.

Gendron, L., and P. Fradette. 1994. A review of the interactions between rock crab Cancer irroratus and lobster Homarus americanus and examination of the possible impacts of rock crab fishing on lobster resource. Pages 45–51 in L. Gendron and S. M. C. Robinson, editors. The development of underutilized invertebrate fisheries in eastern Canada. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2247.

Gendron, L., and S. M. C. Robinson. 1994. The development of underutilized invertebrate fisheries in Eastern Canada. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2247:1–129.

Gotceitas, V., S. Fraser, and J. A. Brown. 1997. Use of eelgrass beds (Zostera marina) by juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1306–1319.

Jury, S. H., J. D. Field, S. L. Stone, D. M. Nelson, and M. E. Monaco. 1994. Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in North Atlantic estuaries. NOAA/NOS Strategic Environmental Assessments Division, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, ELMR Report 13:1–221.

Klugh, A. B. 1917. The marine algae of the Passamaquoddy region, New Brunswick. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1915–1916:79–85.

Koeller, P. 2000. Relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors to the management of the Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery on the Scotian Shelf. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science 27:37–50.

Lawton, P., D. A. Robichaud, M. B. Strong, D. S. Pezzack, and C. F. Frail. 2001. Spatial and temporal trends in the American lobster, Homarus americanus, fishery in the Bay of Fundy (lobster fishing areas 35, 36 and 38). Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Research Document 2001/094:1–71.

MacKay, A., R. Bosien, and B. Wells. 1978a. Bay of Fundy resource inventory. Volume 1, St. Croix River - Passamaquoddy Bay. Final Report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates Ltd., Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada, 219 p.

MacKay, A., R. Bosien, and B. Wells. 1978b. Bay of Fundy resource inventory. Volume 2, Back Bay - Letang Inlet. Final report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates Ltd., Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada, 134 p.

MacKay, A., R. Bosien, and B. Wells. 1978c. Bay of Fundy resource inventory. Volume 3, Deer Island - Campobello Island. Final Report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates Ltd., Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada, 233 p.

MacKay, A., R. Bosien, and P. Leslie. 1979a. Bay of Fundy resource inventory. Volume 4, The Grand Manan archipelago. Final Report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates Ltd., Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada, 141 p.

MacKay, A., R. Bosien, and P. Leslie. 1979b. Bay of Fundy resource inventory. Volume 5, the Wolves Islands. Final report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates Ltd., Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada, 97 p.

MacKay, A., R. Bosien, and P. Leslie. 1979c. Bay of Fundy resource inventory. Volume 6, Pea Point to Point Lepreau. Final report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates Ltd., Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada.

MacKay, A. A. 1976. The sea urchin roe industry on New Brunswick's Bay of Fundy coast. Final report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries, Marine Research Associates, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

Mourne, I. 1937. Disease of eelgrass (Zostera marina). Biological Board of Canada, Manuscript Reports of the Biological Stations 120.

Neish, I. C. 1973a. The distribution of kelp and other commercially useful marine algae  in Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Technical report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries and Environment. Applied Marine Research, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Neish, I. C. 1973b. The distribution of sea urchins in Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Technical report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries and Environment. Applied Marine Research, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Peppin, D. S., M. S. Peppin, and G. J. MacDonald. 1970. Report on preliminary survey of sub-littoral seaweeds in Bay of Fundy area, including Passamaquoddy Bay, and area between Deadmans Harbour and Beaver Harbour. Malpeque Shellfish Incorporated, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Percy, J. A. 1996a. Expanding Fundy's harvest - targeting untapped treasures. Fundy Issues, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership fact sheet 10:1–6.

Percy, J. A. 1996b. The seaweed forest. Rockweed harvesting in the Bay of Fundy. Fundy Issues, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership fact sheet 4:1–4.

Percy, J. A. 2000. Salt marsh saga - conserving Fundy's marine meadows. Fundy Issues, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership fact sheet 16:1–12.

Pohle, G. 1999. Benthos assessment at fallow sites. Final Report to the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Atlantic Reference Centre, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

Pringle, J. D., G. J. Sharp, and J. F. Caddy. 1980a. Proceedings of the workshop on the relationship between sea urchin grazing and commercial plant/animal harvesting. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 954:1–273.

Pringle, J. D., G. J. Sharp, and J. F. Caddy. 1980b. An update on the relationship between commercial lobstering and urchin and macroalgal densities. Pages 237–252 in J. D. Pringle, G. J. Sharp, and J. F. Caddy, editors. Proceedings of the workshop on the relationship between sea urchin grazing and commercial plant/animal harvesting. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 954.

Rangeley, R. W., and J. Davies. 2000. Gulf of Maine Rockweed: Management in the face of scientific uncertainty. Pages 1–94 in Proceedings of the Global Program of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC) workshop. Huntsman Marine Science Centre Occasional Report 00/1, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

Robert, G., M. J. Lundy, and R. A. Chandler. 1984. Recent trends in the Grand Manan scallop fishery. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1267:1–78.

Robichaud, D. A., and A. Campbell. 1991. Annual and seasonal size-frequency changes of trap-caught lobsters (Homarus americanus) in the Bay of Fundy. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science 11:29–37.

Robichaud, D. A., P. Lawton, and M. B. Strong. 2000. Exploratory fisheries for Rock Crab, Cancer irroratus, and Jonah Crab, Cancer borealis, in Canadian lobster fishing areas 34, 35, 36 & 38. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 2000/051:1–27.

Robinson, S. M. C. 1994. The green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, fishery in the Bay of Fundy. Pages 90–94 in L. Gendron and S. M. C. Robinson, editors. The development of underutilized invertebrate fisheries in eastern Canada. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2247.

Scott, F. H. 1902. Food of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Contributions to Canadian Biology 1902:49–54.

Stafford, J. 1901. The clam fishery of Passamaquoddy Bay. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1-2:19-40.

Stafford, J. 1912. Conservation of the Oyster. Pages 25–49 in Commission of Conservation Canada, editor. Sea-fisheries of Eastern Canada. The Mortimer Co., Ottawa, Canada.

Thomas, M. L. H. 1994. Littoral communities and zonation on rocky shores in the Bay of Fundy, Canada: an area of high tidal range. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 51:149–168.

Toews, P. R. 1980. The Canadian Atlantic shrimp fishery - prospects for development. Canadian Industry Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 177:1–39.

Wilder, D. G. 1960. Possible effects of Passamaquoddy tidal power structures on the Canadian lobster industry. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 17:553–563.

Williamson, A. M. 1992. Historical lobster landings for Atlantic Canada, 1892–1989. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2164:1–110.

(6) Plankton

Bailey, L. W. 1917. Notes on the phytoplankton of the Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1915–1916:93–107.

Brown, R. G. B., and D. E. Gaskin. 1989. Summer zooplankton distribution at the surface of the outer Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:2725–2730.

Corey, S. 1983. Larger zooplankton of the Quoddy Region. Pages 193–200 in M. L. H. Thomas, editor. Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64.

Corey, S. 1988. Quantitative distributional patterns and aspects of the biology of the Mysidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the zooplankton of the Bay of Fundy region. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:1545–1552.

Corey, S. 1990. Distributional patterns of amphipoda in the Bay of Fundy region, Canada. Crustaceana 58:291–308.

Daborn, G. R. 1984. Zooplankton studies in the upper Bay of Fundy since 1976. Pages 135–162 in D. C. Gordon, Jr. and M. J. Dadswell, editors. Update of the marine environmental consequences of tidal power development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1256.

Hallegraeff, G. M. 1993. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32:79–99.

Haya, K., J. L. Martin, L. E. Burridge, B. A. Waiwood, and D. J. Wildish. 1991. Domoic acid in shellfish and plankton from the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. Journal of Shellfish Research 10:113–118.

Hurley, P. C. F., S. Corey, and T. D. Iles. 1983. Distributional patterns of chaetognaths in the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61:2257–2265.

Iles, T. D. 1975. Michael Graham's Bay of Fundy Sagitta patch revisited. Are these "stocks" of zooplankton animals? ICES Council Meeting Report 1975/L:24.

Kulka, D. W., S. Corey, and T. D. Iles. 1982. Community structure and biomass of euphausiids in the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39:326–334.

Legare, J. E. 1961. The Zooplankton of the Passamaquoddy Region. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Manuscript Report Series (Biology) 707:1–37.

Martin, J. L., K. Haya, L. E. Burridge, and D. J. Wildish. 1990. Nitzschia pseudodelicatissima - a source of domoic acid in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series 6:177–182.

Martin, J. L., and M. M. LeGresley. 1999. Aquaculture and blooms of Alexandrium fundyense and Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima in the southwest Bay of Fundy. Page 102 in J. L. Martin and K. Haya, editors. Sixth Canadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, St. Andrews Biological Station, New Brunswick, Canada.

Martin, J. L., and A. W. White. 1988. Distribution and abundance of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata  in the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:1968–1975.

McMurrich, J. P. 1917. The winter plankton in the neighborhood of St. Andrews, 1914-1915. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1915–1916:1–9.

Medcof, J. C., A. H. Leim, A. B. Needler, A. W. H. Needler, J. Gibbard, and J. Naubert. 1947. Paralytic shellfish poisoning on the Canadian Atlantic coast. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 75:1–32.

Middlebrook, K., and J. C. Roff. 1986. Comparison of methods for estimating annual productivity of the copepods Acartia hudsonica and Eurytemora herdmani in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:656–664.

Milne, W. R., and S. Corey. 1986. Distributional patterns of the ctenophores Pleurobrachia pileus and Beroe cucumis in the Bay of Fundy region, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:2639–2644.

Murison, L. D., and D. E. Gaskin. 1989. The distribution of right whales and zooplankton in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:1411–1420.

Newman, L. J., and S. Corey. 1984. Aspects of the biology and distribution of pteropods (Gastropoda; Opisthobranchia) from the Bay of Fundy region, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62:397–404.

Peterson, T. D., H. L. Schaefer, J. L. Martin, and I. Kaczmarska. 1999. Chaetoceros furcillatus Bailey in the Canadian Maritimes. Botanica Marina 42:253–263.

Roff, J. W. 1983. Microzooplankton of the Quoddy Region. Pages 201–214 in M. L. H. Thomas, editor. Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64.

Smith, G. J. D., C. L. Jovellanos, and D. E. Gaskin. 1984. Near-surface bio-oceanographic phenomena in the Quoddy Region, Bay of Fundy. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1280:1–124.

Whyte, J. N. C., J. C. Davis, and J. R. Forbes. 1997. Harmful algae in Canadian waters and management strategies. Ocean Research 19:161–171.

Willey, A. 1915. The plankton in St. Andrew's Bay. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1911–1914:1–9.



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