Ecological Archives A019-093-A3

Genie M. Fleming, James E. Diffendorfer, and Paul H. Zedler. 2009. The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub. Ecological Applications 19:2210–2227.

Appendix C. Distribution and cover of individual exotic species present on LTETM plots.

TABLE C1. The number of LTETM plots on which individual exotic species were present and the percent cover of each species across those plots in each of the three sample years. Nomenclature follows Hickman (1993).

 

 

1991

1994

1998

Species

Life history and
growth form

#Plots

Median cover (min,max)

#Plots

Median cover
(min,max)

#Plots

Median cover
(min,max)

Anagallis arvensis

AF

2

1 (1,1)

44

0.5 (0.5,8)

68

1 (0.5,31)

Apium graveolens

AF

 

 

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Atriplex semibaccata

PF

4

3.5 (1,7)

7

2 (0.5,8)

2

3.5 (3,4)

Avena spp. (A. barbata & A. fatua)

AG

63

26 (1,86)

74

18.3 (0.5,97)

67

11 (0.5,95)

Bassia hyssopifolia

AF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Brachypodium distachyon

AG

 

 

1

2 (2,2)

5

3.8 (0.5,9)

Brassica nigra

AF

43

4.9 (1,39)

38

1 (0.5,62)

41

1 (0.5,58)

Brassica rapa

AF

 

 

 

 

1

2 (2,2)

Bromus diandrus

AG

29

4 (1,74)

53

8 (0.5,95)

53

6 (0.5,85)

Bromus hordeaceus

AG

21

2 (1,29)

56

3 (0.5,55)

65

3 (0.5,60)

Bromus madritensis

AG

61

13 (1,50)

84

13 (0.5,67)

81

6 (0.5,56)

Carpobrotus spp. (C. edulis & C. chilensis)

PF

1

2 (2,2)

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

2

1.75 (0.5,3)

Carduus pycnocephalus

AF

 

 

 

 

3

2 (0.5,6)

Centaurea melitensis

AF

21

1.2 (1,24)

59

3 (0.5,67)

59

1.2 (0.5,52)

Cerastium glomeratum

AF

 

 

5

0.5 (0.5,3)

10

0.5 (0.5,3)

Chenopodium album

AF

 

 

5

0.5 (0.5,1)

 

 

Cirsium vulgare

PF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Convolvulus arvensis

PF

 

 

1

1 (1,1)

1

2 (2,2)

Conium maculatum

PF

2

6.5 (3,10)

1

17 (17,17)

2

9.25 (0.5,18)

Cotula coronopifolia

PF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Cynara cardunculus

PF

 

 

1

1 (1,1)

2

2.5 (2,3)

Cynodon dactylon

PG

2

7 (7,7)

3

6 (1.6,11)

3

4 (0.5,6)

Erodium botrys

AF

19

9 (1,50.8)

19

8 (0.5,72.5)

22

9 (0.5,72.5)

Erodium cicutarium

AF

16

2 (1,19.5)

20

0.5 (0.5,8)

22

0.5 (0.5,16)

Erodium moschatum

AF

1

4 (4,4)

3

1 (0.5,3)

10

0.5 (0.5,4)

Filago gallica

AF

 

 

40

1 (0.5,12)

46

1 (0.5,52)

Foeniculum vulgare

PF

8

4.5 (1,20)

18

1 (0.5,37)

21

1.1 (0.5,51)

Galium aparine

AF

 

 

3

1 (0.5,1)

6

0.75 (0.5,3)

Gastridium ventricosum

AG

 

 

15

0.5 (0.5,4)

21

0.5 (0.5,9)

Gnaphalium luteo-album

AF

 

 

 

 

3

0.5 (0.5,1.2)

Hedypnois cretica

AF

 

 

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Hirschfeldia incana

A/PF

11

9 (1,38)

55

3 (0.5,23)

30

2 (0.5,33)

Hordeum murinum

AG

 

 

1

10.1 (10.1,10.1)

2

3.1 (0.5,5.8)

Hypochaeris glabra

AF

3

2 (1,7)

47

1 (0.5,36)

47

2.5 (0.5,58)

Lactuca serriola

AF

 

 

7

0.5 (0.5,1)

10

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Lamarckia aurea

AG

1

1 (1,1)

6

0.5 (0.5,2.4)

6

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Lolium multiflorum

AG

4

2.7 (2,40)

6

21.5 (0.5,90)

11

3 (0.5,81)

Lolium perenne

PG

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Lolium temulentum

AG

 

 

 

 

1

1 (1,1)

Lythrum hyssopifolium

AF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Marrubium vulgare

PF

1

1 (1,1)

6

0.5 (0.5,6)

4

0.9 (0.5,5)

Medicago polymorpha

AF

 

 

4

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

12

0.5 (0.5,3)

Melilotus alba

AF

 

 

 

 

2

1.5 (1,2)

Melilotus indica

AF

 

 

12

0.5 (0.5,4)

17

1 (0.5,21)

Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum

AF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Nicotiana glauca

PT

1

1 (1,1)

 

 

 

 

Picris echioides

AF

 

 

5

2 (0.5,5)

4

0.5 (0.5,6)

Polypogon monspeliensis

AF

 

 

2

5.25 (0.5,10)

6

6.1 (0.5,25.8)

Polycarpon tetraphyllum

AF

 

 

1

1 (1,1)

2

6.25 (0.5,12)

Rapistrum rugosum

AF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Raphanus sativus

AF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Ricinus communis

PF

 

 

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Rumex crispus

PF

 

 

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

2

1.3 (0.5,2)

Salsola tragus

AF

6

6 (1,11)

8

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Schismus barbatus

AG

1

2 (2,2)

1

1 (1,1)

3

0.5 (0.5,1)

Senecio vulgarsis

AF

 

 

6

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Silene gallica

AF

 

 

34

0.5 (0.5,16)

34

0.5 (0.5,9)

Silybum marianum

AF

 

 

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

4

0.5 (0.5,1)

Sisymbrium orientale

AF

2

5.5 (1,10)

2

0.8 (0.5,1.2)

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Sonchus asper

AF

 

 

20

0.5 (0.5,5)

28

0.5 (0.5,30)

Sonchus oleraceus

AF

 

 

33

0.5 (0.5,5)

48

0.5 (0.5,5)

Spergula arvensis

AF

 

 

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Spergularia villosa

PF

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Stellaria media

AF

 

 

2

3.75 (0.5,7)

5

0.5 (0.5,10)

Veronica anagallis-aquatica

PF

 

 

 

 

2

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

Vicia sp.

A(?)F

 

 

1

0.5 (0.5,0.5)

 

 

Vulpia bromoides

AG

 

 

5

0.5 (0.5,4.9)

1

2 (2,2)

Vulpia myuros

AG

21

3 (1,34)

54

2 (0.5,57)

62

4 (0.5,49)

Notes: AF = annual forb, PF = perennial forb, AG = annual grass, PG = perennial grass, PT = perennial tree.

 

FIGC1
 
   FIG. C1. Distribution vs. local abundance in each of the three sample years for all species listed in the table above. Annual grasses in the genera Avena (A. barbata or A. fatua) and Bromus were among the most widespread and abundant species. The exceptionally high cover of Avena in 1991 combined with low cover of Bromus diandrus (BRODIA) in the same year may have been due to some confusion between the species in the field after seed dispersal, since both have relatively large glumes. Two other annual grasses (Lolium multiflorum [LOLMUL] and Hordeum murinum [HORMUR]) and a perennial forb (Conium maculatum [CONMAC]) were not widespread but showed moderate to high cover on a few plots in some years. BROMADR = Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens; EROBOT = Erodium botrys.

 

LITERATURE CITED

Hickman, J. C., editor. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.


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