Appendix C. Distribution and cover of individual exotic species present on LTETM plots.
TABLE C1. The number of LTETM plots on which individual exotic species were present and the percent cover of each species across those plots in each of the three sample years. Nomenclature follows Hickman (1993).
|
|
1991 |
1994 |
1998 |
|||
Species |
Life history and |
#Plots |
Median cover (min,max) |
#Plots |
Median cover |
#Plots |
Median cover |
Anagallis arvensis |
AF |
2 |
1 (1,1) |
44 |
0.5 (0.5,8) |
68 |
1 (0.5,31) |
Apium graveolens |
AF |
|
|
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Atriplex semibaccata |
PF |
4 |
3.5 (1,7) |
7 |
2 (0.5,8) |
2 |
3.5 (3,4) |
Avena spp. (A. barbata & A. fatua) |
AG |
63 |
26 (1,86) |
74 |
18.3 (0.5,97) |
67 |
11 (0.5,95) |
Bassia hyssopifolia |
AF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Brachypodium distachyon |
AG |
|
|
1 |
2 (2,2) |
5 |
3.8 (0.5,9) |
Brassica nigra |
AF |
43 |
4.9 (1,39) |
38 |
1 (0.5,62) |
41 |
1 (0.5,58) |
Brassica rapa |
AF |
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 (2,2) |
Bromus diandrus |
AG |
29 |
4 (1,74) |
53 |
8 (0.5,95) |
53 |
6 (0.5,85) |
Bromus hordeaceus |
AG |
21 |
2 (1,29) |
56 |
3 (0.5,55) |
65 |
3 (0.5,60) |
Bromus madritensis |
AG |
61 |
13 (1,50) |
84 |
13 (0.5,67) |
81 |
6 (0.5,56) |
Carpobrotus spp. (C. edulis & C. chilensis) |
PF |
1 |
2 (2,2) |
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
2 |
1.75 (0.5,3) |
Carduus pycnocephalus |
AF |
|
|
|
|
3 |
2 (0.5,6) |
Centaurea melitensis |
AF |
21 |
1.2 (1,24) |
59 |
3 (0.5,67) |
59 |
1.2 (0.5,52) |
Cerastium glomeratum |
AF |
|
|
5 |
0.5 (0.5,3) |
10 |
0.5 (0.5,3) |
Chenopodium album |
AF |
|
|
5 |
0.5 (0.5,1) |
|
|
Cirsium vulgare |
PF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Convolvulus arvensis |
PF |
|
|
1 |
1 (1,1) |
1 |
2 (2,2) |
Conium maculatum |
PF |
2 |
6.5 (3,10) |
1 |
17 (17,17) |
2 |
9.25 (0.5,18) |
Cotula coronopifolia |
PF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Cynara cardunculus |
PF |
|
|
1 |
1 (1,1) |
2 |
2.5 (2,3) |
Cynodon dactylon |
PG |
2 |
7 (7,7) |
3 |
6 (1.6,11) |
3 |
4 (0.5,6) |
Erodium botrys |
AF |
19 |
9 (1,50.8) |
19 |
8 (0.5,72.5) |
22 |
9 (0.5,72.5) |
Erodium cicutarium |
AF |
16 |
2 (1,19.5) |
20 |
0.5 (0.5,8) |
22 |
0.5 (0.5,16) |
Erodium moschatum |
AF |
1 |
4 (4,4) |
3 |
1 (0.5,3) |
10 |
0.5 (0.5,4) |
Filago gallica |
AF |
|
|
40 |
1 (0.5,12) |
46 |
1 (0.5,52) |
Foeniculum vulgare |
PF |
8 |
4.5 (1,20) |
18 |
1 (0.5,37) |
21 |
1.1 (0.5,51) |
Galium aparine |
AF |
|
|
3 |
1 (0.5,1) |
6 |
0.75 (0.5,3) |
Gastridium ventricosum |
AG |
|
|
15 |
0.5 (0.5,4) |
21 |
0.5 (0.5,9) |
Gnaphalium luteo-album |
AF |
|
|
|
|
3 |
0.5 (0.5,1.2) |
Hedypnois cretica |
AF |
|
|
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Hirschfeldia incana |
A/PF |
11 |
9 (1,38) |
55 |
3 (0.5,23) |
30 |
2 (0.5,33) |
Hordeum murinum |
AG |
|
|
1 |
10.1 (10.1,10.1) |
2 |
3.1 (0.5,5.8) |
Hypochaeris glabra |
AF |
3 |
2 (1,7) |
47 |
1 (0.5,36) |
47 |
2.5 (0.5,58) |
Lactuca serriola |
AF |
|
|
7 |
0.5 (0.5,1) |
10 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Lamarckia aurea |
AG |
1 |
1 (1,1) |
6 |
0.5 (0.5,2.4) |
6 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Lolium multiflorum |
AG |
4 |
2.7 (2,40) |
6 |
21.5 (0.5,90) |
11 |
3 (0.5,81) |
Lolium perenne |
PG |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Lolium temulentum |
AG |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 (1,1) |
Lythrum hyssopifolium |
AF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Marrubium vulgare |
PF |
1 |
1 (1,1) |
6 |
0.5 (0.5,6) |
4 |
0.9 (0.5,5) |
Medicago polymorpha |
AF |
|
|
4 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
12 |
0.5 (0.5,3) |
Melilotus alba |
AF |
|
|
|
|
2 |
1.5 (1,2) |
Melilotus indica |
AF |
|
|
12 |
0.5 (0.5,4) |
17 |
1 (0.5,21) |
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum |
AF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Nicotiana glauca |
PT |
1 |
1 (1,1) |
|
|
|
|
Picris echioides |
AF |
|
|
5 |
2 (0.5,5) |
4 |
0.5 (0.5,6) |
Polypogon monspeliensis |
AF |
|
|
2 |
5.25 (0.5,10) |
6 |
6.1 (0.5,25.8) |
Polycarpon tetraphyllum |
AF |
|
|
1 |
1 (1,1) |
2 |
6.25 (0.5,12) |
Rapistrum rugosum |
AF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Raphanus sativus |
AF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Ricinus communis |
PF |
|
|
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Rumex crispus |
PF |
|
|
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
2 |
1.3 (0.5,2) |
Salsola tragus |
AF |
6 |
6 (1,11) |
8 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Schismus barbatus |
AG |
1 |
2 (2,2) |
1 |
1 (1,1) |
3 |
0.5 (0.5,1) |
Senecio vulgarsis |
AF |
|
|
6 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Silene gallica |
AF |
|
|
34 |
0.5 (0.5,16) |
34 |
0.5 (0.5,9) |
Silybum marianum |
AF |
|
|
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
4 |
0.5 (0.5,1) |
Sisymbrium orientale |
AF |
2 |
5.5 (1,10) |
2 |
0.8 (0.5,1.2) |
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Sonchus asper |
AF |
|
|
20 |
0.5 (0.5,5) |
28 |
0.5 (0.5,30) |
Sonchus oleraceus |
AF |
|
|
33 |
0.5 (0.5,5) |
48 |
0.5 (0.5,5) |
Spergula arvensis |
AF |
|
|
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Spergularia villosa |
PF |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Stellaria media |
AF |
|
|
2 |
3.75 (0.5,7) |
5 |
0.5 (0.5,10) |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
PF |
|
|
|
|
2 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
Vicia sp. |
A(?)F |
|
|
1 |
0.5 (0.5,0.5) |
|
|
Vulpia bromoides |
AG |
|
|
5 |
0.5 (0.5,4.9) |
1 |
2 (2,2) |
Vulpia myuros |
AG |
21 |
3 (1,34) |
54 |
2 (0.5,57) |
62 |
4 (0.5,49) |
FIG. C1. Distribution vs. local abundance in each of the three sample years for all species listed in the table above. Annual grasses in the genera Avena (A. barbata or A. fatua) and Bromus were among the most widespread and abundant species. The exceptionally high cover of Avena in 1991 combined with low cover of Bromus diandrus (BRODIA) in the same year may have been due to some confusion between the species in the field after seed dispersal, since both have relatively large glumes. Two other annual grasses (Lolium multiflorum [LOLMUL] and Hordeum murinum [HORMUR]) and a perennial forb (Conium maculatum [CONMAC]) were not widespread but showed moderate to high cover on a few plots in some years. BROMADR = Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens; EROBOT = Erodium botrys. |
LITERATURE CITED
Hickman, J. C., editor. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.