Ecological Archives A023-072-A3
Yuta Uematsu, Atushi Ushimaru. 2013. Topography- and management-mediated resource gradients maintain rare and common plant diversity around paddy terraces. Ecological Applications 23:1357–1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1939.1
Appendix C. A list of vascular plants in 129 plots in autumn 2008.
Table C1. A list of plants in 129 study plots in autumn 2008. We found 59 annual (a), 133 perennial (including dwarf shrubs, p) and woody (shrub and tree, w) species. Twenty rare species (R) were recorded. Only 16 species were non-native (Non-N). Number of plots in which the species was observed is indicated.
|
Family |
Species |
Life form |
Rare |
Origin |
No. of plots |
Pteridophytes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equisetaceae |
Equisetum arvense |
p |
|
|
45 |
|
Ophioglossaceae |
Botrychium ternatum |
p |
|
|
7 |
|
Osmundaceae |
Osmunda japonica |
p |
|
|
11 |
|
Schizaeaceae |
Lygodium japonicum |
p |
|
|
7 |
|
Dennstaedtiaceae |
Pteridium aquilinum subsp. japonicum |
p |
|
|
18 |
|
Lindsaeaceae |
Sphenomeris chinensis |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
Blechnaceae |
Blechnum niponicum |
p |
|
|
8 |
|
Thelypteridaceae |
Thelypteris decursivepinnata |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Thelypteris palustris |
p |
|
|
17 |
|
Woodsiaceae |
Deparia japonica |
p |
|
|
19 |
Gymnosperms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cupressaceae |
Cryptomeria japonica |
w |
|
|
2 |
|
Pinaceae |
Pinus densiflora |
w |
|
|
2 |
Angiosperms |
|
|
|
|
||
|
Salicaceae |
Salix chaenomeloides |
w |
|
|
2 |
|
Fagaceae |
Quercus serrata |
w |
|
|
6 |
|
Moraceae |
Fatoua villosa |
a |
|
|
5 |
|
Santalaceae |
Thesium chinense |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
Polygonaceae |
Fallopia japonica |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Persicaria longiseta |
a |
|
|
25 |
|
|
Persicaria muricata |
a |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Persicaria sagittata var. sibirica |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Persicaria thunbergii |
a |
|
|
9 |
|
|
Rumex acetosa |
p |
|
|
48 |
|
|
Rumex japonicus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Portulacaceae |
Portulaca oleracea |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
Caryophyllaceae |
Stellaria aquatica |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Cerastium glomeratum |
a |
|
Non-N |
2 |
|
|
Stellaria neglecta |
a |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare var. angustifolium |
a |
|
|
3 |
|
Amaranthaceae |
Achyranthes bidentata var. fauriei |
p |
|
|
12 |
|
Ranunculaceae |
Ranunculus japonicus |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Ranunculus silerifolius var. glaber |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Thalictrum minus var. hypoleucum |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Lardizabalaceae |
Akebia trifoliata |
w |
|
|
5 |
|
Menispermaceae |
Cocculus orbiculatus |
p |
|
|
13 |
|
Saururaceae |
Houttuynia cordata |
p |
|
|
5 |
|
Aristolochiaceae |
Aristolochia shimadae |
p |
R |
|
3 |
|
|
Asarum takaoi |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
Clusiaceae |
Hypericum erectum |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Hypericum laxum |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
Theaceae |
Eurya japonica |
w |
|
|
2 |
|
Brassicaceae |
Cardamine scutata |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Rorippa indica |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
Saxifragaceae |
Parnassia palustris var. palustris |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
Hydrangeaceae |
Deutzia crenata |
w |
|
|
1 |
|
Rosaceae |
Geum japonicum |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Potentilla anemonifolia |
p |
|
|
14 |
|
|
Potentilla freyniana |
p |
|
|
57 |
|
|
Rosa paniculigera |
p |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Rubus hirsutus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Rubus palmatus var. palmatus |
p |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Rubus parvifolius |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Sanguisorba officinalis |
p |
|
|
41 |
|
Fabaceae |
Desmodium podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Dunbaria villosa |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
Indigofera pseudotinctoria |
p |
|
|
22 |
|
|
Kummerowia striata |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Lespedeza cuneata |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Lespedeza homoloba |
w |
|
|
16 |
|
|
Lespedeza pilosa |
p |
|
|
19 |
|
|
Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Polygala japonica |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Pueraria lobata |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Trifolium repens |
p |
|
Non-N |
12 |
|
|
Vicia sativa subsp. nigra |
a |
|
|
6 |
|
|
Vicia tetrasperma |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Wisteria japonica |
p |
|
|
15 |
|
Oxalidaceae |
Oxalis corniculata |
p |
|
|
40 |
|
|
Oxalis corniculata f. rubrifolia |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Geraniaceae |
Geranium thunbergii |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Acalypha australis |
a |
|
|
33 |
|
|
Chamaesyce maculata |
a |
|
Non-N |
2 |
|
|
Chamaesyce nutans |
a |
|
Non-N |
2 |
|
Anacardiaceae |
Rhus javanica var. chinensis |
w |
|
|
1 |
|
Aquifoliaceae |
Ilex crenata |
w |
|
|
10 |
|
Vitaceae |
Cayratia japonica |
p |
|
|
6 |
|
Thymelaeaceae |
Diplomorpha ganpi |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
Violaceae |
Viola grypoceras |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Viola mandshurica |
p |
|
|
26 |
|
|
Viola ovato-oblonga |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Viola verecunda |
p |
|
|
14 |
|
|
Viola violacea var. violacea |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Viola yedoensis |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Lythraceae |
Lythrum anceps |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Onagraceae |
Ludwigia epilobioides |
a |
|
|
4 |
|
Haloragaceae |
Haloragis micrantha |
p |
|
|
14 |
|
Apiaceae |
Hydrocotyle ramiflora |
p |
|
|
66 |
|
|
Oenanthe javanica |
p |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Centella asiatica |
p |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Hydrocotyle maritima |
p |
|
|
5 |
|
Ericaceae |
Rhododendron macrosepalum |
w |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Rhododendron kaempferi var. kaempferi |
w |
|
|
10 |
|
Clethraceae |
Clethra barbinervis |
w |
|
|
1 |
|
Primulaceae |
Lysimachia japonica |
p |
|
|
25 |
|
Symplocaceae |
Symplocos coreana |
w |
|
|
1 |
|
Gentianaceae |
Gentiana scabra var. buergeri |
p |
R |
|
17 |
|
Asclepiadaceae |
Vincetoxicum pycnostelma |
p |
R |
|
5 |
|
|
Vincetoxicum glabrum |
p |
R |
|
20 |
|
Rubiaceae |
Galium gracilens |
p |
|
|
10 |
|
|
Neanotis hirsuta var. hirsuta |
a |
|
|
14 |
|
|
Paederia scandens |
p |
|
|
54 |
|
|
Rubia argyi |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Boraginaceae |
Bothriospermum zeylanicum |
a |
|
|
3 |
|
Lamiaceae |
Ajuga decumbens |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Clinopodium gracile |
p |
|
|
17 |
|
|
Glechoma hederacea subsp. grandis |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Isodon inflexus |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Isodon longitubus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Lamium amplexicaule |
a |
|
|
5 |
|
|
Lycopus maackianus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Salvia japonica |
p |
|
|
23 |
|
|
Scutellaria indica |
p |
|
|
5 |
|
Solanaceae |
Solanum nigrum |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
Scrophulariaceae |
Lindernia crustacea |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Lindernia dubia subsp. dubia |
a |
|
Non-N |
1 |
|
|
Lindernia dubia subsp. major |
a |
|
Non-N |
1 |
|
|
Lindernia procumbens |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Mazus pumilus |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
Acanthaceae |
Justicia hayatae |
a |
|
|
57 |
|
Plantaginaceae |
Plantago asiatica |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Caprifoliaceae |
Lonicera japonica |
w |
|
|
1 |
|
Valerianaceae |
Patrinia scabiosifolia |
p |
R |
|
2 |
|
Campanulaceae |
Adenophora triphylla var. japonica |
p |
|
|
28 |
|
|
Lobelia chinensis |
p |
|
|
13 |
|
Myrsinaceae |
Ardisia japonica |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
Asteraceae |
Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii |
p |
|
|
53 |
|
|
Aster semiamplexicaulis |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Aster yomena |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Bidens frondosa |
a |
|
Non-N |
4 |
|
|
Centipeda minima |
a |
|
|
5 |
|
|
Cirsium japonicum |
p |
|
|
58 |
|
|
Cirsium sieboldii |
p |
R |
|
3 |
|
|
Conyza canadensis |
a |
|
Non-N |
36 |
|
|
Crassocephalum crepidioides |
a |
|
Non-N |
1 |
|
|
Eclipta thermalis |
a |
|
|
23 |
|
|
Erechtites hieraciifolius |
a |
|
Non-N |
3 |
|
|
Erigeron annuus |
a |
|
Non-N |
4 |
|
|
Erigeron philadelphicus |
a |
|
Non-N |
26 |
|
|
Eupatorium lindleyanum var. lindleyanum |
p |
|
|
9 |
|
|
Eupatorium makinoi |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Galinsoga quadriradiata |
a |
|
Non-N |
2 |
|
|
Gnaphalium affine |
a |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Gnaphalium coarctatum |
p |
|
Non-N |
3 |
|
|
Gnaphalium japonicum |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Ixeridium dentatum |
p |
|
|
8 |
|
|
Ixeris japonica |
p |
|
|
22 |
|
|
Lactuca indica |
a |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Petasites japonicus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Picris hieracioides subsp. japonica |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Serratula coronata subsp. insularis |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
Solidago altissima |
p |
|
Non-N |
31 |
|
|
Solidago virgaurea subsp. asiatica |
p |
|
|
19 |
|
|
Sonchus oleraceus |
a |
|
|
8 |
|
|
Synurus palmatopinnatifidus var. palmatopinnatifidus |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
Taraxacum japonicum |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
Youngia japonica |
a |
|
|
3 |
|
Liliaceae |
Aletris luteoviridis |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Allium thunbergii |
p |
R |
|
21 |
|
|
Helonias orientalis |
p |
|
|
6 |
|
|
Hosta sieboldii var. sieboldii f. spathulata |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Hosta longissima |
p |
R |
|
2 |
|
|
Liriope minor |
p |
|
|
28 |
|
Smilacaceae |
Smilax china |
p |
|
|
3 |
|
Dioscoreaceae |
Dioscorea japonica |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Dioscorea tokoro |
p |
|
|
5 |
|
Iridaceae |
Iris ensata var. spontanea |
p |
R |
|
2 |
|
Juncaceae |
Juncus decipiens |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Luzula capitata |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
Commelinaceae |
Commelina communis |
a |
|
|
24 |
|
|
Murdannia keisak |
a |
|
|
19 |
|
Poaceae |
Agrostis clavata subsp. matsumurae |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Andropogon virginicus |
p |
|
Non-N |
30 |
|
|
Arthraxon hispidus |
a |
|
|
27 |
|
|
Arundinella hirta |
p |
|
|
29 |
|
|
Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Digitaria ciliaris |
a |
|
|
56 |
|
|
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli |
a |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Eleusine indica |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii |
p |
|
|
93 |
|
|
Isachne globosa |
p |
|
|
10 |
|
|
Microstegium vimineum f. vimineum |
a |
|
|
15 |
|
|
Miscanthus sinensis |
p |
|
|
90 |
|
|
Oplismenus undulatifolius |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Panicum bisulcatum |
a |
|
|
3 |
|
|
Paspalum thunbergii |
p |
|
|
33 |
|
|
Pennisetum alopecuroides |
p |
|
|
12 |
|
|
Pleioblastus argenteostriatus f. glaber |
p |
|
|
93 |
|
|
Sacciolepis indica var. indica |
a |
|
|
38 |
|
|
Setaria faberi |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Setaria pallidefusca |
a |
|
|
34 |
|
|
Setaria pumila |
a |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Sporobolus fertilis |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Zoysia japonica |
p |
|
|
14 |
|
Cyperaceae |
Carex dispalata |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Carex lanceolata |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Carex tristachya |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Cyperus brevifolius var. leiolepis |
p |
|
|
23 |
|
|
Cyperus flaccidus |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Cyperus haspan var. tuberiferus |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Cyperus iria |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Cyperus microiria |
p |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
a |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Fimbristylis complanata f. exaltata |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
Lipocarpha microcephala |
a |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Rhynchospora fujiiana |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
Orchidaceae |
Epipactis thunbergii |
p |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena f. autumnus |
p |
|
|
1 |