Appendix B. A table showing plant–herbivore interactions used in the meta-analysis.
Table B2. Published cases of plant–herbivore interactions used in a meta-analysis (MA) to assess the performance of phytophagous insects on experimentally water-stressed host plants. The taxonomy of herbivores (order, family, and species) and their host plants (family and species) are given.
Major Guild
Sub-guild
Herbivore
OrderHerbivore
FamilyHerbivore
Host Family
Host Plant
MA Variable
VC Variable
Herbivore
d (var)Reference
Chewer
Chewer
Chewing Insects
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.5715
(0.1388)[24]
Chewer
Free-living
Orthoptera
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.3286
(0.2534)[39]
Chewer
Free-living
Orthoptera
Acrididae
Bootettix argentalus Bruner
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.7464
(0.2674)[39]
Chewer
Free-living
Coleoptera
NA
multiple species
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
DEN
DEN
0.517
(0.3445)[42]
Chewer
Free-living
Coleoptera
NA
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.7749
(0.3484)[39]
Chewer
Free-living
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
Solanaceae
Solanum berthaultii Hawkes
SURV
FIT
-0.1309
(0.0954)[35]
Chewer
Free-living
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Paropsis atomaria Oliver
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
FEC
FIT
0.3199
(0.1286)[30]
Chewer
Free-living
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Epilachna varivestis Muslant
Fabaceae
Glycine max (L.) Merr.
SURV
FIT
-1.398
(0.425)[29]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Geometridae
Semiothesia sp.
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.9251
(0.2767)[39]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Lasiocampidae
Malacosoma disstria Hubner
Aceraceae
Acer saccharum Marsh.
RGR
FIT
-0.8577
(0.1213)[38]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Lasiocampidae
Malacosoma disstria Hubner
Salicaceae
Populus tremuloides Michx.
RGR
FIT
-1.1451
(0.1293)[38]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Lymantriidae
Lymantria dispar L.
Betulaceae
Betula papyrifera CloneS5
FEC
FIT
0.3924
(0.2912)[43]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Lymantriidae
Lymantria dispar L.
Betulaceae
Betula papyrifera CloneS5
RGR
FIT
0.2358
(0.1489)[43]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)
Poaceae
Zea mays L.
DEN
DEN
0.5256
(0.0694)[41]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)
Solanaceae
Lycopersicon esculentum var. Agriset
RGR
FIT
-1.3022
(0.1731)[18]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Mythimna convecta (Walker)
Poaceae
Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin
SURV
FIT
-6.4342
(4.1166)[36]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Pieridae
Pieris rapae L.
Brassicaceae
Brassica napus L.
FEC
FIT
0.657
(0.0785)[30]
Chewer
Free-living
Lepidoptera
Pieridae
Pieris rapae L.
Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea L.
PREF
PREF
-0.8235
(0.217)[34]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Dipronidae
Neodiprion autumnalis Smith
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa Doug ex. Laws
FEC
FIT
-0.5335
(0.0531)[27, 45]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Dipronidae
Neodiprion autumnalis Smith
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa Doug ex. Laws
SURV
FIT
-0.7661
(0.1073)[27]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Diprionidae
Neodiprion fulviceps Cresson
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa Doug ex. Laws
RGR
FIT
-0.3417
(0.0564)[45]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Diprionidae
Neodiprion gilletei (Rohwer)
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa Doug ex. Laws
FEC
FIT
-0.5255
(0.0105)[28]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Diprionidae
Neodiprion gilletei (Rohwer)
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa Doug ex. Laws
SURV
FIT
-1.5185
(0.1327)[28]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Diprionidae
Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.)
Pinaceae
Pinus silvestris L.
FEC
FIT
1.5792
(0.2101)[5]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Diprionidae
Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.)
Pinaceae
Pinus silvestris L.
RGR
FIT
1.3868
(0.1987)[5]
Chewer
Free-living
Hymenoptera
Diprionidae
Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.)
Pinaceae
Pinus silvestris L.
SURV
FIT
0.3401
(0.0781)[5]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Buprestidae
Agrilus bilineatus (Weber)
Fagaceae
Quercus alba L.
DEN
DEN
2.3513
(0.6764)[8]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Phoracantha semipunctata (F.)
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.)
FEC
FIT
2.9787
(0.5273)[4]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Phoracantha semipunctata (F.)
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.)
SURV
FIT
5.3156
(1.133)[4]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Phoracantha semipunctata (F.)
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.
SURV
FIT
0.7568
(0.5691)[15]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Scolytidae
Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.
Pinaceae
Pinus taeda L.
DEN
DEN
-1.3256
(0.3049)[9]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Scolytidae
Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.
Pinaceae
Pinus taeda L.
PREF
PREF
-0.2609
(0.2521)[9]
Chewer
Borer
Coleoptera
Scolytidae
Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins
Pinaceae
Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann
DEN
DEN
0.9325
(0.6454)[32]
Chewer
Borer
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)
Malvaceae
Gossypium hirsutum L.
DEN
DEN
0.7802
(0.1793)[11]
Chewer
Miner
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Aproaerema modicella (Deventer)
Fabaceae
Arachis hypogeae L.
DEN
DEN
4.7982
(0.3169)[48]
Chewer
Miner
Lepidoptera
Gracilleriidae
Cameraria sp. B
Fagaceae
Quercus emoryi Torr.
DEN
DEN
-1.0582
(0.57)[3]
Chewer
Miner
Lepidoptera
Yponomeutidae
Prays fraxinella Bjerk.
Oleaceae
Fraxinus excelsior L.
DEN
DEN
1.0648
(0.1522)[12]
Chewer
Miner
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Agromyza nigripes Meigen
Poaceae
Holcus lanatus L.
FEC
FIT
-1.571
(0.4414)[7]
Chewer
Miner
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Agromyza nigripes Meigen
Poaceae
Holcus lanatus L.
RGR
FIT
-1.5984
(0.8796)[7]
Chewer
Miner
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)
Solanaceae
Lycopersicon esculentum var. Agriset
PREF
PREF
-1.9738
(0.2124)[18]
Chewer
Miner
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Scaptomyza nigrita Wheeler
Brassicaceae
Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray
DEN
DEN
4.0037
(1.2015)[25]
Chewer
Gall Former
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.5697
(0.2601)[39]
Chewer
Gall Former
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Asphondylia clavata Gagne
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-2.3228
(0.4186)[39]
Chewer
Gall Former
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Asphondylia digitata Gagne
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.2323
(0.2975)[39]
Chewer
Gall Former
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Asphondylia resinosa Gagne
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.585
(0.2607)[39]
Chewer
Gall Former
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Asphondylia silicula Gagne
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.6456
(0.3346)[39]
Chewer
Gall Former
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Asphondylia villosa Gagne
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.6312
(0.3332)[39]
Chewer
Gall Former
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Euura lasiolepis Smith
Salicaceae
Salix lasiolepis Bentham
DEN
DEN
-1.09125
(0.0959)[6, 46]
Chewer
Gall Former
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Euura lasiolepis Smith
Salicaceae
Salix lasiolepis Bentham
SURV
FIT
-2.6405
(0.3191)[37, 46]
Sap-feeder
Sap-feeder
NA
NA
Sap-feeding insects
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.5292
(0.138)[24]
Sap-feeder
Sap-feeder
Hemiptera
NA
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.0602
(0.2501)[39]
Sap-feeder
Sap-feeder
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Cicadellid 1
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0
(0.25)[39]
Sap-feeder
Sap-feeder
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Cicadellid 2
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.1556
(0.2917)[39]
Sap-feeder
Sap-feeder
Hemiptera
Coccoidea
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.1067
(0.2504)[39]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Adelgidae
Adelges abietis L.
Pinaceae
Picea abies Karst
DEN
DEN
-0.5724
(0.1301)[2]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Adelgidae
Adelges abietis L.
Pinaceae
Picea abies Karst
FEC
FIT
-0.428
(0.1279)[2]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Adelgidae
Adelges abietis L.
Pinaceae
Picea abies Karst
SURV
FIT
-0.6955
(0.1326)[2]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring
Malvaceae
Gossypium hirsutum L.
FEC
FIT
-0.1215
(0.1336)[40]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring
Solanaceae
Lycopersicon esculentum var. Agriset
PREF
PREF
-1.0835
(0.1638)[18]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype
Cucurbitacae
Cucumis melo L.
FEC
FIT
0.4358
(0.2559)[19]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype
Cucurbitacae
Cucumis melo L.
RGR
FIT
0.2595
(0.2521)[19]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype
Malvaceae
Gossypium hirsutum L.
DEN†
DEN
1.2705
(0.2003)[11]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype
Malvaceae
Gossypium hirsutum L.
PREF
PREF
1.4272
(0.2091)[11]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Aphis fabae Scop.
Brassicaeae
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
FEC
FIT
1.3614
(0.1234)[13]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Aphis fabae Scop.
Brassicaeae
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
RGR
FIT
0.9394
(0.1154)[13]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Aphis fabae Scop.
Celastraceae
Euonymus euopaeus L.
DEN‡
DEN
-2.0464
(0.7617)[20, 21]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Aphis fabae Scop.
Celastraceae
Euonymus euopaeus L.
FEC
FIT
-4.1142
(1.5579)[20, 21]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Aphis fabae Scop.
Fabaceae
Vicia faba L.
FEC
FIT
-1.8456
(0.9505)[21]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Aphis fabae Scop.
Fabaceae
Vicia faba L.
SURV
FIT
-1.6524
(0.8942)[21]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Brevicoryne brassicae (L).
Brassicaceae
Brassica napus L.
FEC
FIT
1.7775
(0.1116)[31]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Cinara costata Zett.
Pinaceae
Picea abies Karst
FEC
FIT
0.3721
(0.2035)[23]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Diruraphis noxia (Mordvilko)
Poaceae
Triticum aestivum L.
DEN†
DEN
1.8034
(0.3518)[1]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Elatobium abietinum (Walker)
Pinaceae
Picea sitchensis (Bang.) Carr.
DEN‡
DEN
-1.8838
(0.1964)[26, 47]
§Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Elatobium abietinum (Walker)
Pinaceae
Picea sitchensis (Bang.) Carr.
DEN†
DEN
4.148
(1.2603)[26, 47]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Pemphigus betae Doane
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album L.
FEC
FIT
-1.009
(0.1409)[33]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Pemphigus betae Doane
Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus L.
FEC
FIT
-1.1204
(0.1446)[33]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Sitobion avenae F.
Poaceae
Triticum aestivum L.
FEC
FIT
-0.1185
(0.2504)[10]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Sitobion avenae F.
Poaceae
Triticum aestivum L.
SURV
FIT
-0.5859
(0.2647)[10]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Empoasca fabae (Harris)
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa L.
DEN
DEN
-4.8878
(1.5945)[16, 17]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Empoasca fabae (Harris)
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa L.
FEC
FEC
-1.154
(0.0363)[17]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Empoasca fabae (Harris)
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa L.
RGR
FIT
-1.1174
(0.0194)[17]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Empoasca fabae (Harris)
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa L.
SURV
FIT
-0.2393
(0.3)[17]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Empoasca kerri Pruthi
Fabaceae
Arachis hypogaea L.
DEN
DEN
-3.7572
(0.2821)[48]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Membracidae
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.1993
(0.2512)[39]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Membracidae
Multireoides sp.
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.8783
(0.3603)[39]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Psyllidae
multiple species
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.3088
(0.253)[39]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Psyllidae
Aphalara sp.
Brassicaeae
Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray
DEN‡
DEN
-4.63
(1.4718)[25]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Psyllidae
Aphalara sp.
Brassicaeae
Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray
PREF
PREF
-3.1698
(0.9024)[25]
Sap-feeder
Phloem
Hemiptera
Tachardiidae
Tachardiella larreae (Comstock)
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
0.5067
(0.258)[39]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Erythroneura elegantula Osborn
Vitaceae
Vitis vinifera L.
DEN
DEN
-2.5958
(1.2282)[44]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Erythroneura variabilis Beamer
Vitaceae
Vitis vinifera L.
DEN
DEN
-2.0568
(1.0192)[44]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Miridae
Lygus hesperus Knight
Malvaceae
Gossypium hirsitum L.
DEN
DEN
-1.8906
(0.5787)[11]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Miridae
Parthenicus sp.
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-1.2024
">(0.2952)[39]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Miridae
Phytocoris sp.
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.5935
(0.261)[39]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Miridae
Phytocoris vanduzeei Reuter
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov.
DEN
DEN
-0.1173
(0.2504)[39]
Sap-feeder
Mesophyll
Hemiptera
Miridae
Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter)
Malvaceae
Gossypium hirsutum L.
DEN
DEN
-1.3749
(0.6181)[11]
Sap-feeder
Xylem
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti)
Moraceae
Morus alba L.
SURV
FIT
-0.3294
(0.2027)[14]
Sap-feeder
Gall Former
Hemiptera
Phylloxeridae
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch)
Vitaceae
Vitis arizonica Engelm.
DEN
DEN
-1.2332
(0.2975)[22]
Notes: Response variables used in specific meta-analyses are indicated in the MA column and included herbivore density (DEN), survivorship (SURV), fecundity (FEC), relative growth rate (RGR), and oviposition preference (PREF). Because these response variables were also used in a vote-counting (VC) assessment of stress effects on herbivores, variable names used in this analysis are shown in the VC column and included density (DEN), fitness (FIT) and oviposition preferences (PREF). Herbivore effect size and variance [d (var)] of response variables for each plant-herbivore case are listed. Published studies used to calculate effect size and variance for each response variable are numbered in the Ref column and full references appear at the end of the table. Positive effect sizes indicate enhanced herbivore performance on stressed plants compared to controls, whereas negative effect sizes indicate an adverse effect of plant stress on herbivore performance.
† Studies employing an intermittent water-stress treatment to plants that were used in a meta-analysis to compare herbivore performance on plants experiencing intermittent and continuous water stress.
‡Studies employing a continuous water-stress treatment to plants that were used in a meta-analysis to compare herbivore performance on plants experiencing intermittent and continuous water stress.
§Study used only in the meta-analysis comparing herbivore performance on plants experiencing intermittent and continuous water stress.
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