Ecological Archives E085-116-A3

Elaine R. Hooper, Pierre Legendre, and Richard Condit. 2004. Factors affecting community composition of forest regeneration in deforested, abandoned land in Panama. Ecology 85:3313–3326.

Appendix C. Species charcacteristics and abundances of all species naturally regenerating in Saccharum-dominated grasslands.

TABLE C1. Species characteristics of all naturally-regenerating species recorded: species name, family, total number of individuals recorded during the entire regeneration experiment not including root sprouts (NR), total number of individuals recorded during the entire experiment including root sprouts (All), growth form of adult (F), shade-tolerance category (L), seed size category (S), and dispersal mechanism or vector (Dispersal).


Species

Family

NR

All

F

L§

S||

Dispersal


Acalypha diversifolia

Euphorbiaceae

28
29
S
G
1

ballistic

Acalypha macrostachya

Euphorbiaceae

1
1
U

1

ballistic

Adelia triloba

Euphorbiaceae

5
5
U
G
1

ballistic

Alibertula edulis

Rubiaceae

5
5
U
S
3

large animal

Alseis blackiana

Rubiaceae

6
9
T
S
1

wind

Anacardium excelsum

Anacardiaceae

1
1
T

3

large animal

Anacardium occidentale

Anacardiaceae

3
7

3

large animal

Annona hayessii

Annonaceae

3
3

1

small birds

Annona spraguei

Annonaceae

6
11
M
P
1

small birds

Apeiba membranaceae

Tiliaceae

8
8
T

1

large animal

Apeiba tibourbou

Tiliaceae

34
34
M

1

large animal

Ardisia revoluta

Myrsinaceae

14
15

G
1

small birds

Banara guianensis

Flacourtiaceae

66
181

G
1

small birds

Brosimum alicastrum

Moraceae

4
5
T
S
2

large animal

Byrsonima crassifolia

Malpighiaceae

193
196

P
3

large animal

Carica papaya

Caricaceae

2
2

Cassia moschata

L: Caesalpinioideae

4
7

S
2

Casearia arguta

Flacourtiaceae

9
18

G
1

small birds

Casearia commersoniana

Flacourtiaceae

10
40

G
1

small birds

Cecropia insignis

Moraceae

236
237
T
P
1

small birds

Cnestidium rufescens

Connaraceae

1
2

Coccoloba manzanillensis

Polygonaceae

2
2
U
S
1

Cochlospermum vitifolium

Cochlospermaceae

243
400

P
1

wind

Colubrina glandulosa

Rhamnaceae

2
4

1

ballistic

Connarus panamensis

Connaraceae

1
2

Cordia alliodora

Boraginaceae

73
241
T
G
1

wind

Cordia bicolor

Boraginaceae

9
61
T
G
2

large animal

Cordia porcata

Boraginaceae

1
1

Croton billbergianus

Euphorbiaceae

40
40
U
P
1

ballistic

Didymopanax morototoni

Araliaceae

3
3

1

small birds

Ficus (unknown species)

Moraceae

3
8

1

small birds

Flemingia strobilfera

L: Papilionoideae

2
2

Gustavia superba

Lecythidaceae

679
1060
M
G
3

agouti

Hamelia patens

Rubiaceae

1
1

1

small birds

Hampea appendiculata

Malvaceae

1
1
M
G
2

small birds

Heliocarpus americanus

Tiliaceae

1
1

2

Herrania purpurea

Sterculiaceae

5
12
U
G
2

Hura crepitans

Euphorbiaceae

1
1
T

2

ballistic

Hybanthus prunifolius

Violaceae

57
141
S
S
1

ballistic

Inga sapindoides

L: Mimosoideae

2
3
M
G
2

large animal

Inga vera

L: Mimosoideae

83
182

G
3

large animal

Jacaranda copaia

Bignoniaceae

4
4
T

1

wind

Lonchocarpus latifolius

L: Papilionoideae

2
17
T
S
3

large animal

Luehea seemannii

Tiliaceae

21
21
T
G
1

wind

Mangifera indica

Anacardiaceae

1
1

Margaritaria nobilis

Euphorbiaceae

3
6

1

small birds

Miconia argentea

Melastomataceae

68
68
M
P
1

small birds

Ochroma pyramidale

Bombacaceae

15
15

P
1

wind

Ocotea (unknown species)

Lauraceae

1
1

small birds

Ouratea lucens

Ochnaceae

1
2
S
S
1

Piper marginatum

Piperaceae

500
522

G
1

bats

Pithocellobium barbourianum

L: Mimosoideae

1
1

2

large animal

Platymiscium pinnatum

L: Papilionoideae

6
19
T
S
3

large animal

Posoqueria latifolia

Rubiaceae

6
9
M
S
2

large animal

Protium panamense

Burseraceae

1
1
M
S
2

large animal

Pseudobombax septenatum

Bombacaceae

7
20
T

1

wind

Psychotria grandis

Rubiaceae

34
40
U
G
1

small birds

Psychotria luxurians

Rubiaceae

2
2

Quassia amara

Simaroubaceae

20
121
U
G
2

large animal

Randia formosa

Rubiaceae

1
1

large animal

Senna dariensis

L: Caesalpinioideae

4
7
S
G

Solanum hayesii

Solanaceae

84
125
M
G
1

small birds

Sorocea affinis

Moraceae

1
3

S
1

Spondias mombin

Anacardiaceae

214
290
T
P
3

large animal

Stemmadenia grandiflora

Apocynaceae

4
18

1

Sterculia apetala

Sterculiaceae

1
2

G
3

large animal

Swartzia simplex (grandiflora)

L: Caesalpinioideae

8
30
U
S
3

large animal

Swartzia simplex (ochnacea)

L: Caesalpinioideae

56
158
U
S
3

large animals

Tabebuia guayacan

Bignoniaceae

9
30
T
S
1

wind

Tabebuia rosea

Bignoniaceae

1
1
T
S
2

wind

Thevetia ahouai

Apocynaceae

45
74
U
S
1

small birds

Trema micrantha

Ulmaceae

161
161

G
1

small birds

Trichilia tuberculata

Meliaceae

6
6
T
S
2

small birds

Trichospermum galeotti

Tiliaceae

171
174

G
1

wind

Trophis racemosa

Moraceae

18
21
M
S
1

small birds

Turnera panamensis

Turneraceae

1
2

1

small birds

Vatairea erythrocarpa

L: Papilionoideae

6
7

3

Vernonia patens

Compositae

2
2

G
1

Vismia macrophylla

Clusiaceae

12
17

1

small birds

Xylopia frutescens

Annonaceae

3
3

1

small birds



   Note: In "Family" column "L:" = Leguminosae.

Introduced species.

T = large tree, M = medium tree, U = treelet, S = shrub (from Condit et al. 1995).

§ Shade tolerance categories: P = pioneer (light index > 3.0), G = gap species (light index 0–3.0), S = shade-tolerant species (light index less than 0). Light indices are from Condit et al. (1996) and Hooper et al. (2002).

|| Seed size classes: 1  1 cm; 2 = 1–2 cm; 3  2 cm (from Croat 1978).

Based on observations at BCI, 4 km from our site (R. Perez and R. Foster, personal communication).

 

LITERATURE CITED

Condit, R., S. P. Hubbell, and R. B. Foster. 1996. Assessing the response of plant functional types to climatic change in tropical forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:405–416.

Croat, T. B. 1978. The flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, USA.

Hooper, E., R. Condit, and P. Legendre. 2002. Responses of 20 native tree species to reforestation strategies for abandoned farmland in Panama. Ecological Applications 12:1626–1641.



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