Ecological Archives E087-137-A1

Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Bart A. Nolet, and Daniëlle Bankert. 2006. Movement of foraging Tundra Swans explained by spatial pattern in cryptic food densities. Ecology 87:2244–2254.

Appendix A. Parameter values used in the calculations on the expected net gain rate over distance.

Parameter

Value

Unit

Source

Functional response type II: handling time

1.82

s/g

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Functional response type II: attack rate

0.00102

m2/s

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Energy density of tubers

16866

J/g

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Assimilation efficiency

0.90

-

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Energetic costs: Surfacing

30.8

J/s

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Energetic costs: Trampling

50.9

J/s

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Energetic costs: Feeding

38.6

J/s

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Energetic costs: Swimming

28.2

J/s

(Nolet et al. 2002)

Time: Surfacing per bout

0.79

s

This study

Time: Trampling per bout

2.2

s

This study

Time: Feeding per bout

14.8

s

This study

Velocity Swimming

0.42

m/s

This study

Midrange density class 1

10

g/m2

This study

Midrange density class 2

20

g/m2

This study

Midrange density class 3

30

g/m2

This study

Midrange density class 4

40

g/m2

This study

Bouts/patch: density class 1

10

-

This study

Bouts/patch: density class 2

17

-

This study

Bouts/patch: density class 3

17

-

This study

Bouts/patch: density class 4

18

-

This study

LITERATURE CITED

Nolet, B. A., R. M. Bevan, M. Klaassen, O. Langevoord, and Y. G. J. T. van der Heijden. 2002.
Habitat switching by Bewick's swans: maximization of average long-term energy gain? Journal of Animal Ecology 71:979–993.



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