Appendix A. Parameter values used in the calculations on the expected net gain rate over distance.
Parameter |
Value |
Unit |
Source |
Functional response type II: handling time |
1.82 |
s/g |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Functional response type II: attack rate |
0.00102 |
m2/s |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Energy density of tubers |
16866 |
J/g |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Assimilation efficiency |
0.90 |
- |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Energetic costs: Surfacing |
30.8 |
J/s |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Energetic costs: Trampling |
50.9 |
J/s |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Energetic costs: Feeding |
38.6 |
J/s |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Energetic costs: Swimming |
28.2 |
J/s |
(Nolet et al. 2002) |
Time: Surfacing per bout |
0.79 |
s |
This study |
Time: Trampling per bout |
2.2 |
s |
This study |
Time: Feeding per bout |
14.8 |
s |
This study |
Velocity Swimming |
0.42 |
m/s |
This study |
Midrange density class 1 |
10 |
g/m2 |
This study |
Midrange density class 2 |
20 |
g/m2 |
This study |
Midrange density class 3 |
30 |
g/m2 |
This study |
Midrange density class 4 |
40 |
g/m2 |
This study |
Bouts/patch: density class 1 |
10 |
- |
This study |
Bouts/patch: density class 2 |
17 |
- |
This study |
Bouts/patch: density class 3 |
17 |
- |
This study |
Bouts/patch: density class 4 |
18 |
- |
This study |
LITERATURE CITED
Nolet, B. A., R. M. Bevan, M. Klaassen, O. Langevoord, and Y. G. J. T. van der Heijden. 2002.
Habitat switching by Bewick's swans: maximization of average long-term energy gain? Journal of Animal Ecology 71:979–993.