Appendix B. Tables summarizing the canopy cover and tree density inside and outside livestock exclosures at five sites in northern Arizona in 1941 and 2004.
TABLE B1. Canopy cover (%; mean ± SD; min-max) inside and outside livestock exclosures at five sites† in northern Arizona in 1941 and 2004. Mature trees and regeneration were measured separately in 1941 but not in 2004. P values are from Wilcoxon tests for differences between grazing treatments; values ≤ 0.05 are in bold. Mean values across sites are in Table 2.
Grazing treatment |
BF |
BS‡ |
FP |
RT‡ |
RL |
|
1941 Mature trees |
||||||
In |
14±21; 0-80 |
8±15; 0-63 |
7±15; 0-58 |
23±24; 0-82 |
27±30; 0-100 |
|
Out |
8±22; 0-97 |
22±24; 0-100 |
7±15; 0-59 |
16±26; 0-85 |
27±28; 0-80 |
|
P |
0.004 |
<0.001 |
0.607 |
0.169 |
0.957 |
|
1941 Regeneration |
||||||
In |
11±16; 0-58 |
9±9; 0-32 |
8±11; 0-54 |
26±23; 0-79 |
8±8; 0-32 |
|
Out |
3±6; 0-30 |
3±5; 0-19 |
3±7; 0-31 |
36±27; 0-79 |
2±6; 0-25 |
|
P |
<0.001 |
0.002 |
<0.001 |
0.250 |
<0.001 |
|
1941 Total |
||||||
In |
25±23; 0-80 |
17±16; 0-63 |
15±17; 0-70 |
50±24; 5-86 |
35±31; 0-100 |
|
Out |
12±22; 0-97 |
25±24; 0-100 |
11±16; 0-70 |
52±27; 0-100 |
29±28; 0-80 |
|
P |
<0.001 |
0.159 |
0.013 |
0.808 |
0.295 |
|
2004 Total |
||||||
In |
48±28; 0-96 |
55±21; 14-96 |
46±30; 0-98 |
64±23; 24-96 |
74±16; 25-100 |
|
Out |
33±28; 0-96 |
54±22; 6-100 |
23±27; 0-100 |
60±24; 30-96 |
39±26; 0-84 |
|
P |
0.001 |
0.978 |
<0.001 |
0.888 |
<0.001 |
† Site codes: BF = Big Fill; BS = Black Springs; FP = Fry Park; RT = Reese Tank; RL = Rogers Lake.
‡ Received silvicultural treatments within the last 20 years; see Table 1 in text for more details of land-use history.
TABLE B2. Density (t/ha; mean ± SD; min-max) inside and outside livestock exclosures at five sites† in northern Arizona in 1941 and 2004. Mature trees and regeneration were measured separately in 1941 but not in 2004. P values are from Wilcoxon tests for differences between grazing treatments; values ≤ 0.05 are in bold. Mean values across sites are in Table 2.
Grazing treatment |
BF |
BS‡ |
FP |
RT‡ |
RL |
|
1941 Mature trees |
||||||
In |
134±277; 0-1076 |
53±203; 0-1076 |
40±142; 0-538 |
322±441; 0-1614 |
457±813; 0-3229 |
|
Out |
33±156; 0-1076 |
107±277; 0-1076 |
40±166; 0-1076 |
349±636; 0-2690 |
161±327; 0-1614 |
|
P |
0.002 |
0.296 |
0.776 |
0.806 |
0.178 |
|
1941 Regeneration |
||||||
In |
3498±4784; 0-21,527 |
1399±1205; 0-4843 |
760±1160; 0-5381 |
7938±10,901; 0-44,670 |
4937±5134; 0-22,066 |
|
Out |
659±1155; 0-5381 |
1560±1441; 0-5381 |
396±778; 0-4305 |
17,841±9706; 538-39,826 |
322±569; 0-2152 |
|
P |
<0.001 |
0.811 |
0.005 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
|
1941 Total |
||||||
In |
3632±4870; 0-22,066 |
1453±1255; 0-4843 |
800±1177; 0-5381 |
8261±10,768; 538-44,670 |
5395±5321; 0-22,066 |
|
Out |
692±1155; 0-5381 |
1668±1393; 0-5381 |
437±785; 0-4305 |
18,191±9716; 1614-40,364 |
484±619; 0-2690 |
|
P |
<0.001 |
0.569 |
0.010 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
|
2004 Total |
||||||
In |
1614±1837; 0-6996 |
450±530; 0-2152 |
726±1035; 0-5920 |
762±583; 0-1614 |
2273±1686; 0-6458 |
|
Out |
598±1055; 0-5381 |
448±755; 0-3767 |
200±379; 0-1614 |
269±450; 0-1076 |
255±455; 0-1614 |
|
P |
<0.001 |
0.509 |
<0.001 |
0.095 |
<0.001 |
† Site codes: BF = Big Fill; BS = Black Springs; FP = Fry Park; RT = Reese Tank; RL = Rogers Lake.
‡ Received silvicultural treatments within the last 20 years; see Table 1 in text for more details of land-use history.