Ecological Archives E094-138-A3

Eleanor M. Slade, Thomas Merckx, Terhi Riutta, Daniel P. Bebber, David Redhead, Philip Riordan, David W. Macdonald. 2013. Life-history traits and landscape characteristics predict macro-moth responses to forest fragmentation. Ecology 94:1519–1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1366.1

Appendix C. Life-history traits for the 87 species marked in the study.

Each species was classified using Manley (2008) and Waring and Townsend (2009) for the following traits: (i) forest affinity: weak (i.e., ubiquitous species), medium (i.e., associated to forest, but not exclusively so) or strong (i.e., broadleaved forest specialists), (ii) larval feeding guild: grass/herb-feeders or shrub/tree-feeders, (iii) larval diet breadth: mono-, oligo- or polyphagous, (iv) adult feeding: yes or no, (v) average wingspan (mm), and (vi) wing shape (i.e., wing aspect ratio): broad or pointed. All species were also classified in terms of conservation status, based on national population trends measured over 35 years: severely declining (i.e. declines >69%), moderately declining (i.e. declines 0-69%), increasing or unknown (Conrad et al. 2006). Model predicted mean distances moved in seven days for each species were calculated from the coefficients of the final model, using their trait values.

Literature cited

Conrad, K. F., M. S. Warren, R. Fox, M. S. Parsons, and I. P. Woiwod. 2006. Rapid declines of common, widespread British moths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis. Biological Conservation 132:279–291.

Manley, C. 2008. British Moths and Butterflies - A photographic guide. A&C Black, London, UK.

Waring, P., and M. C. Townsend. 2009. Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, UK.

Species

Scientific name

Family

Subfamily

Forest affinity

Wingspan (mm)

Wing shape

Larval feeding guild

Larval diet breadth

Adult feeding

Conservation status

Predicted distance moved (m)

Angle Shades

Phlogophora meticulosa

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

50

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

601

August Thorn

Ennomos quercinaria

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

38

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

severely declining

166

Beautiful Golden Y

Autographa pulchrina

Noctuidae

Plusiinae

weak

40

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

301

Beautiful Hook-tip

Laspeyria flexula

Noctuidae

Plusiinae

medium

30

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

N

moderately declining

4

Black Arches

Lymantria monacha

Lymantriidae

Lymantriinae

strong

44

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

increasing

113

Blood-vein

Timandra comae

Geometridae

Sterrhinae

medium

33

broad

grass/herb-feeders

olig

N

severely declining

48

Blue-bordered Carpet

Plemyria rubiginata

Geometridae

Larentiinae

medium

28

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

increasing

80

Bright-line Brown-eye

Lacanobia oleracea

Noctuidae

Hadeninae

weak

38

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

183

Brimstone Moth

Opisthograptis luteolata

Geometridae

Ennominae

weak

35

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

140

Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing

Noctua fimbriata

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

medium

60

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

334

Brown Rustic

Rusina ferruginea

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

38

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

277

Buff Arches

Habrosyne pyritoides

Thyatiridae

Thyatirinae 

medium

40

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

Y

moderately declining

170

Buff Ermine

Spilosoma luteum

Arctiidae

Arctiinae

weak

40

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

severely declining

187

Buff Footman

Eilema depressa

Arctiidae

Lithosiinae 

medium

35

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

N

increasing

17

Buff-tip

Phalera bucephala

Notodontidae

Phalerinae 

medium

50

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

76

Burnished Brass

Diachrysia chrysitis

Noctuidae

Plusiinae

weak

40

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

moderately declining

301

Clay

Mythimna ferrago

Noctuidae

Hadeninae

weak

38

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

moderately declining

277

Clouded Border

Lomaspilis marginata

Geometridae

Ennominae

weak

27

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

69

Clouded Brindle

Apamea epomidion

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

medium

40

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

unknown

80

Clouded Silver

Lomographa temerata

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

28

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

80

Clouded-bordered Brindle

Apamea crenata

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

42

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

moderately declining

325

Common Emerald

Hemithea aestivaria

Geometridae

Geometrinae

medium

30

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

291

Common Footman

Eilema lurideola

Arctiidae

Lithosiinae 

weak

32

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

Y

increasing

339

Common Swift

Hepialus lupulinus

Hepialidae

Hepialinae

weak

30

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

38

Coronet

Craniophora ligustri

Noctuidae

Acronictinae 

medium

37

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

Y

unknown

145

Dark Arches

Apamea monoglypha

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

50

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

moderately declining

417

Dingy Footman

Eilema griseola

Arctiidae

Lithosiinae 

medium

35

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

Y

increasing

128

Dot Moth

Melanchra persicariae

Noctuidae

Hadeninae

weak

40

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

severely declining

461

Double Square-spot

Xestia triangulum

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

medium

42

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

187

Drinker

Euthrix potatoria

Lasiocampidae

Pinarinae

medium

55

broad

grass/herb-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

184

Dun-bar

Cosmia trapezina

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

medium

34

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

120

Early Thorn

Selenia dentaria

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

43

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

210

Elephant Hawk-moth

Deilephila elpenor

Sphingidae

Macroglossinae

weak

65

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

unknown

577

Eyed Hawk-moth

Smerinthus ocellata

Sphingidae

Smerinthinae 

weak

80

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

unknown

563

Figure of Eighty

Tethea ocularis

Thyatiridae

Thyatirinae 

medium

38

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

Y

unknown

154

Flame

Axylia putris

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

weak

34

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

229

Flame Shoulder

Ochropleura plecta

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

weak

30

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

180

Garden Tiger

Arctia caja

Arctiidae

Arctiinae

weak

70

broad

grass/herb-feeders

poly

N

severely declining

297

Gold Swift

Hepialus hecta

Hepialidae

Hepialinae

medium

32

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

Mon

N

unknown

1

Green Arches

Anaplectoides prasina

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

strong

48

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

1207

Green Silver-lines

Pseudoips prasinana

Noctuidae

Chloephorinae

strong

36

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

increasing

94

Heart and Dart

Agrotis exclamationis

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

weak

38

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

277

Herald

Scoliopteryx libatrix

Noctuidae

Ophiderinae

weak

46

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

Y

unknown

547

Ingrailed Clay

Diarsia mendica

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

strong

35

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

231

July Highflyer

Hydriomena furcata

Geometridae

Larentiinae

weak

32

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

increasing

113

Lackey

Malacosoma neustria

Lasiocampidae

Malacosomatinae

medium

32

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

severely declining

114

Large Emerald

Geometra papilionaria

Geometridae

Geometrinae

medium

55

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

increasing

312

Large Nutmeg

Apamea anceps

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

43

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

severely declining

337

Large Yellow Underwing

Noctua pronuba

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

weak

55

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

472

Light Arches

Apamea lithoxylaea

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

medium

45

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

moderately declining

110

Light Emerald

Campaea margaritata

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

40

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

increasing

184

Lobster Moth

Stauropus fagi

Notodontidae

Heterocampinae 

strong

60

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

unknown

1707

Maiden's Blush

Cyclophora punctaria

Geometridae

Sterrhinae

strong

28

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

Y

increasing

102

Nut-tree Tussock

Colocasia coryli

Noctuidae

Pantheinae 

strong

35

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

increasing

63

Oak Hook-tip

Watsonalla binaria

Drepanidae

Drepaninae

medium

30

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

severely declining

97

Pale Prominent

Pterostoma palpina

Notodontidae

Notodontinae 

weak

43

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

232

Pale Tussock

Calliteara pudibunda

Lymantriidae

Lymantriinae

weak

42

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

222

Peach Blossom

Thyatira batis

Thyatiridae

Thyatirinae 

medium

35

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

Y

moderately declining

128

Pebble Hook-tip

Drepana falcataria

Drepanidae

drepaninae

medium

35

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

140

Peppered Moth

Biston betularia

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

55

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

312

Plain Golden Y

Autographa jota

Noctuidae

Plusiinae

weak

40

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

301

Poplar Hawk-moth

Laothoe populi

Sphingidae

Smerinthinae 

weak

80

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

moderately declining

563

Pretty Chalk Carpet

Melanthia procellata

Geometridae

Larentiinae

medium

40

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

N

severely declining

184

Privet Hawk-moth

Sphinx ligustri

Sphingidae

Sphinginae

medium

110

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

unknown

356

Purple Thorn

Selenia tetralunaria

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

44

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

218

Ruby Tiger

Phragmatobia fuliginosa

Arctiidae

Arctiinae

weak

35

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

increasing

154

Rustic Shoulder-knot

Apamea sordens

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

40

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

moderately declining

301

Scalloped Oak

Crocallis elinguaria

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

38

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

166

Scarce Silver-lines

Bena bicolorana

Noctuidae

Chloephorinae

strong

45

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

Y

unknown

946

Scorched Carpet

Ligdia adustata

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

25

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

N

moderately declining

56

Scorched Wing

Plagodis dolabraria

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

35

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

Y

increasing

363

Setaceous Hebrew Character

Xestia c-nigrum

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

weak

36

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

253

Shears

Hada plebeja

Noctuidae

Hadeninae

medium

35

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

52

Shuttle-shaped Dart

Agrotis puta

Noctuidae

Noctuinae

weak

30

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

180

Silver Y

Autographa gamma

Noctuidae

Plusiinae

weak

40

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

301

Slender Brindle

Apamea scolopacina

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

strong

35

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

olig

Y

increasing

123

Small Angle Shades

Euplexia lucipara

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

33

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

354

Small Emerald

Hemistola chrysoprasaria

Geometridae

Geometrinae

medium

35

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

mono

N

severely declining

140

Small Fan-foot

Herminia grisealis

Noctuidae

Hermininae

medium

25

pointed

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

Y

moderately declining

49

Spectacle

Abrostola tripartita

Noctuidae

Plusiinae

weak

33

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

mono

y

increasing

217

Swallow-tailed Moth

Ourapteryx sambucaria

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

54

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

304

Treble Lines

Charanyca trigrammica

Noctuidae

Amphipyrinae

weak

35

pointed

grass/herb-feeders

poly

N

increasing

69

White Ermine

Spilosoma lubricipeda

Arctiidae

Arctiinae

weak

40

broad

grass/herb-feeders

poly

N

severely declining

92

White Satin Moth

Leucoma salicis

Lymantriidae

Lymantriinae

medium

45

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

unknown

227

White-pinion Spotted

Lomographa bimaculata

Geometridae

Ennominae

medium

28

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

olig

N

increasing

80

Yellow Shell

Camptogramma bilineata

Geometridae

Larentiinae

weak

27

broad

grass/herb-feeders

poly

Y

increasing

130

Yellow-tail

Euproctis similis

Lymantriidae

Lymantriinae

weak

33

broad

shrub/tree-feeders

poly

N

moderately declining

122


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