Ecological Archives E094-138-A3
Eleanor M. Slade, Thomas Merckx, Terhi Riutta, Daniel P. Bebber, David Redhead, Philip Riordan, David W. Macdonald. 2013. Life-history traits and landscape characteristics predict macro-moth responses to forest fragmentation. Ecology 94:1519–1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1366.1
Appendix C. Life-history traits for the 87 species marked in the study.
Each species was classified using Manley (2008) and Waring and Townsend (2009) for the following traits: (i) forest affinity: weak (i.e., ubiquitous species), medium (i.e., associated to forest, but not exclusively so) or strong (i.e., broadleaved forest specialists), (ii) larval feeding guild: grass/herb-feeders or shrub/tree-feeders, (iii) larval diet breadth: mono-, oligo- or polyphagous, (iv) adult feeding: yes or no, (v) average wingspan (mm), and (vi) wing shape (i.e., wing aspect ratio): broad or pointed. All species were also classified in terms of conservation status, based on national population trends measured over 35 years: severely declining (i.e. declines >69%), moderately declining (i.e. declines 0-69%), increasing or unknown (Conrad et al. 2006). Model predicted mean distances moved in seven days for each species were calculated from the coefficients of the final model, using their trait values.
Literature cited
Conrad, K. F., M. S. Warren, R. Fox, M. S. Parsons, and I. P. Woiwod. 2006. Rapid declines of common, widespread British moths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis. Biological Conservation 132:279–291.
Manley, C. 2008. British Moths and Butterflies - A photographic guide. A&C Black, London, UK.
Waring, P., and M. C. Townsend. 2009. Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, UK.
Species |
Scientific name |
Family |
Subfamily |
Forest affinity |
Wingspan (mm) |
Wing shape |
Larval feeding guild |
Larval diet breadth |
Adult feeding |
Conservation status |
Predicted distance moved (m) |
Angle Shades |
Phlogophora meticulosa |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
50 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
601 |
August Thorn |
Ennomos quercinaria |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
38 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
severely declining |
166 |
Beautiful Golden Y |
Autographa pulchrina |
Noctuidae |
Plusiinae |
weak |
40 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
301 |
Beautiful Hook-tip |
Laspeyria flexula |
Noctuidae |
Plusiinae |
medium |
30 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
N |
moderately declining |
4 |
Black Arches |
Lymantria monacha |
Lymantriidae |
Lymantriinae |
strong |
44 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
increasing |
113 |
Blood-vein |
Timandra comae |
Geometridae |
Sterrhinae |
medium |
33 |
broad |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
N |
severely declining |
48 |
Blue-bordered Carpet |
Plemyria rubiginata |
Geometridae |
Larentiinae |
medium |
28 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
increasing |
80 |
Bright-line Brown-eye |
Lacanobia oleracea |
Noctuidae |
Hadeninae |
weak |
38 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
183 |
Brimstone Moth |
Opisthograptis luteolata |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
weak |
35 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
140 |
Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing |
Noctua fimbriata |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
medium |
60 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
334 |
Brown Rustic |
Rusina ferruginea |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
38 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
277 |
Buff Arches |
Habrosyne pyritoides |
Thyatiridae |
Thyatirinae |
medium |
40 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
Y |
moderately declining |
170 |
Buff Ermine |
Spilosoma luteum |
Arctiidae |
Arctiinae |
weak |
40 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
severely declining |
187 |
Buff Footman |
Eilema depressa |
Arctiidae |
Lithosiinae |
medium |
35 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
N |
increasing |
17 |
Buff-tip |
Phalera bucephala |
Notodontidae |
Phalerinae |
medium |
50 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
76 |
Burnished Brass |
Diachrysia chrysitis |
Noctuidae |
Plusiinae |
weak |
40 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
moderately declining |
301 |
Clay |
Mythimna ferrago |
Noctuidae |
Hadeninae |
weak |
38 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
moderately declining |
277 |
Clouded Border |
Lomaspilis marginata |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
weak |
27 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
69 |
Clouded Brindle |
Apamea epomidion |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
medium |
40 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
unknown |
80 |
Clouded Silver |
Lomographa temerata |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
28 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
80 |
Clouded-bordered Brindle |
Apamea crenata |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
42 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
moderately declining |
325 |
Common Emerald |
Hemithea aestivaria |
Geometridae |
Geometrinae |
medium |
30 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
291 |
Common Footman |
Eilema lurideola |
Arctiidae |
Lithosiinae |
weak |
32 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
Y |
increasing |
339 |
Common Swift |
Hepialus lupulinus |
Hepialidae |
Hepialinae |
weak |
30 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
38 |
Coronet |
Craniophora ligustri |
Noctuidae |
Acronictinae |
medium |
37 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
Y |
unknown |
145 |
Dark Arches |
Apamea monoglypha |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
50 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
moderately declining |
417 |
Dingy Footman |
Eilema griseola |
Arctiidae |
Lithosiinae |
medium |
35 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
Y |
increasing |
128 |
Dot Moth |
Melanchra persicariae |
Noctuidae |
Hadeninae |
weak |
40 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
severely declining |
461 |
Double Square-spot |
Xestia triangulum |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
medium |
42 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
187 |
Drinker |
Euthrix potatoria |
Lasiocampidae |
Pinarinae |
medium |
55 |
broad |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
184 |
Dun-bar |
Cosmia trapezina |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
medium |
34 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
120 |
Early Thorn |
Selenia dentaria |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
43 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
210 |
Elephant Hawk-moth |
Deilephila elpenor |
Sphingidae |
Macroglossinae |
weak |
65 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
unknown |
577 |
Eyed Hawk-moth |
Smerinthus ocellata |
Sphingidae |
Smerinthinae |
weak |
80 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
unknown |
563 |
Figure of Eighty |
Tethea ocularis |
Thyatiridae |
Thyatirinae |
medium |
38 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
Y |
unknown |
154 |
Flame |
Axylia putris |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
weak |
34 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
229 |
Flame Shoulder |
Ochropleura plecta |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
weak |
30 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
180 |
Garden Tiger |
Arctia caja |
Arctiidae |
Arctiinae |
weak |
70 |
broad |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
N |
severely declining |
297 |
Gold Swift |
Hepialus hecta |
Hepialidae |
Hepialinae |
medium |
32 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
Mon |
N |
unknown |
1 |
Green Arches |
Anaplectoides prasina |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
strong |
48 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
1207 |
Green Silver-lines |
Pseudoips prasinana |
Noctuidae |
Chloephorinae |
strong |
36 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
increasing |
94 |
Heart and Dart |
Agrotis exclamationis |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
weak |
38 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
277 |
Herald |
Scoliopteryx libatrix |
Noctuidae |
Ophiderinae |
weak |
46 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
Y |
unknown |
547 |
Ingrailed Clay |
Diarsia mendica |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
strong |
35 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
231 |
July Highflyer |
Hydriomena furcata |
Geometridae |
Larentiinae |
weak |
32 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
increasing |
113 |
Lackey |
Malacosoma neustria |
Lasiocampidae |
Malacosomatinae |
medium |
32 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
severely declining |
114 |
Large Emerald |
Geometra papilionaria |
Geometridae |
Geometrinae |
medium |
55 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
increasing |
312 |
Large Nutmeg |
Apamea anceps |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
43 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
severely declining |
337 |
Large Yellow Underwing |
Noctua pronuba |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
weak |
55 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
472 |
Light Arches |
Apamea lithoxylaea |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
medium |
45 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
moderately declining |
110 |
Light Emerald |
Campaea margaritata |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
40 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
increasing |
184 |
Lobster Moth |
Stauropus fagi |
Notodontidae |
Heterocampinae |
strong |
60 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
unknown |
1707 |
Maiden's Blush |
Cyclophora punctaria |
Geometridae |
Sterrhinae |
strong |
28 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
Y |
increasing |
102 |
Nut-tree Tussock |
Colocasia coryli |
Noctuidae |
Pantheinae |
strong |
35 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
increasing |
63 |
Oak Hook-tip |
Watsonalla binaria |
Drepanidae |
Drepaninae |
medium |
30 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
severely declining |
97 |
Pale Prominent |
Pterostoma palpina |
Notodontidae |
Notodontinae |
weak |
43 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
232 |
Pale Tussock |
Calliteara pudibunda |
Lymantriidae |
Lymantriinae |
weak |
42 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
222 |
Peach Blossom |
Thyatira batis |
Thyatiridae |
Thyatirinae |
medium |
35 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
Y |
moderately declining |
128 |
Pebble Hook-tip |
Drepana falcataria |
Drepanidae |
drepaninae |
medium |
35 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
140 |
Peppered Moth |
Biston betularia |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
55 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
312 |
Plain Golden Y |
Autographa jota |
Noctuidae |
Plusiinae |
weak |
40 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
301 |
Poplar Hawk-moth |
Laothoe populi |
Sphingidae |
Smerinthinae |
weak |
80 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
moderately declining |
563 |
Pretty Chalk Carpet |
Melanthia procellata |
Geometridae |
Larentiinae |
medium |
40 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
N |
severely declining |
184 |
Privet Hawk-moth |
Sphinx ligustri |
Sphingidae |
Sphinginae |
medium |
110 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
unknown |
356 |
Purple Thorn |
Selenia tetralunaria |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
44 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
218 |
Ruby Tiger |
Phragmatobia fuliginosa |
Arctiidae |
Arctiinae |
weak |
35 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
increasing |
154 |
Rustic Shoulder-knot |
Apamea sordens |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
40 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
moderately declining |
301 |
Scalloped Oak |
Crocallis elinguaria |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
38 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
166 |
Scarce Silver-lines |
Bena bicolorana |
Noctuidae |
Chloephorinae |
strong |
45 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
Y |
unknown |
946 |
Scorched Carpet |
Ligdia adustata |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
25 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
N |
moderately declining |
56 |
Scorched Wing |
Plagodis dolabraria |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
35 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
Y |
increasing |
363 |
Setaceous Hebrew Character |
Xestia c-nigrum |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
weak |
36 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
253 |
Shears |
Hada plebeja |
Noctuidae |
Hadeninae |
medium |
35 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
52 |
Shuttle-shaped Dart |
Agrotis puta |
Noctuidae |
Noctuinae |
weak |
30 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
180 |
Silver Y |
Autographa gamma |
Noctuidae |
Plusiinae |
weak |
40 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
301 |
Slender Brindle |
Apamea scolopacina |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
strong |
35 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
olig |
Y |
increasing |
123 |
Small Angle Shades |
Euplexia lucipara |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
33 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
354 |
Small Emerald |
Hemistola chrysoprasaria |
Geometridae |
Geometrinae |
medium |
35 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
mono |
N |
severely declining |
140 |
Small Fan-foot |
Herminia grisealis |
Noctuidae |
Hermininae |
medium |
25 |
pointed |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
Y |
moderately declining |
49 |
Spectacle |
Abrostola tripartita |
Noctuidae |
Plusiinae |
weak |
33 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
mono |
y |
increasing |
217 |
Swallow-tailed Moth |
Ourapteryx sambucaria |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
54 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
304 |
Treble Lines |
Charanyca trigrammica |
Noctuidae |
Amphipyrinae |
weak |
35 |
pointed |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
N |
increasing |
69 |
White Ermine |
Spilosoma lubricipeda |
Arctiidae |
Arctiinae |
weak |
40 |
broad |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
N |
severely declining |
92 |
White Satin Moth |
Leucoma salicis |
Lymantriidae |
Lymantriinae |
medium |
45 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
unknown |
227 |
White-pinion Spotted |
Lomographa bimaculata |
Geometridae |
Ennominae |
medium |
28 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
olig |
N |
increasing |
80 |
Yellow Shell |
Camptogramma bilineata |
Geometridae |
Larentiinae |
weak |
27 |
broad |
grass/herb-feeders |
poly |
Y |
increasing |
130 |
Yellow-tail |
Euproctis similis |
Lymantriidae |
Lymantriinae |
weak |
33 |
broad |
shrub/tree-feeders |
poly |
N |
moderately declining |
122 |