Ecological Archives E094-213-A1

Gaku Kudo, Takashi Y. Ida. 2013. Early onset of spring increases the phenological mismatch between plants and pollinators. Ecology 94:2311–2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-2003.1

Appendix A. Data set of the long-term analyses of snowmelt time, flowering onset date, and seed-set success of Corydalis ambigua, and first detection date of Bombus queens at each site over 10–14 years.

Table A1. Data set of the long-term analyses of snowmelt time, flowering onset and seed-set success (under natural pollination and artificial outcrossing by hand-pollination) of Corydalis ambigua, first detection of bumble bees, and phenological mismatch between flowering and pollinator activity in each site. NFP: Nopporo Forest Park, TOEF: Tomakomai Experimental Forest, JOZ: Jozankei forest. Sample size of seed-set success is shown in parenthesis.

Site

Year

Seed set
under natural pollination

Seed set by hand-pollination

Snowmelt time*

Flowering onset

Bumble-bee detection

Mismatch day

NFP

1999

0.34 (28)

15 April

23 April

27 April

4

NFP

2000

0.41 (31)

0.69 (25)

20 April

30 April

1 May

1

NFP

2001

0.54 (39)

0.76 (50)

12 April

24 April

25 April

1

NFP

2002

0.14 (40)

 5 April

14 April

21 April

7

NFP

2003

0.25 (44)

10 April

18 April

25 April

7

NFP

2004

10 April

20 April

25 April

5

NFP

2005

0.35 (48)

20 April

26 April

29 April

3

NFP

2006

0.15 (41)

19 April

26 April

27 April

1

NFP

2007

0.50 (20)

0.80 (37)

15 April

23 April

25 April

2

NFP

2008

0.29 (37)

 8 April

16 April

23 April

7

NFP

2009

0.32 (46)

 7 April

15 April

22 April

7

NFP

2010

0.57 (55)

17 April

27 April

26 April

–1

NFP

2011

0.66 (53)

0.72 (26)

23 April

30 April

1 May

1

NFP

2012

0.57 (50)

20 April

27 April

27 April

0

TOEF

1999

0.58 (40)

0.74 (25)

14 April

21 April

24 April

3

TOEF

2000

0.38 (32)

0.67 (21)

10 April

24 April

29 April

5

TOEF

2001

0.48 (35)

0.67 (20)

9 April

26 April

27 April

1

TOEF

2002

0.04 (40)

0.72 (24)

2 April

10 April

17 April

7

TOEF

2003

0.44 (40)

13 April

21 April

25 April

4

TOEF

2004

0.16 (40)

12 April

20 April

TOEF

2005

0.35 (21)

20 April

28 April

3 May

5

TOEF

2006

0.20 (60)

10 April

27 April

4 May

7

TOEF

2007

0.78 (30)

3 April

25 April

24 April

–1

TOEF

2008

0.44 (28)

31 March

18 April

20 April

2

JOZ

1999

0.74 (40)

Early May (5 May)

10 May

JOZ

2000

0.64 (60)

0.77 (30)

Early May (5 May)

11 May

JOZ

2001

0.73 (41)

0.77 (30)

Early May (5 May)

10 May

JOZ

2002

0.32 (40)

Mid-April (15 April)

20 April

25 April

5

JOZ

2003

0.60 (60)

Late April (25 April)

1 May

3 May

2

JOZ

2004

0.30 (43)

Late April (25 April)

5 May

JOZ

2005

0.75 (46)

Early May (5 May)

10 May

JOZ

2006

0.49 (31)

Early May (5 May)

10 May

JOZ

2007

0.78 (29)

Early May (5 May)

12 May

5 May

–7

JOZ

2008

0.20 (40)

Mid-April (15 April)

20 April

25 April

5

JOZ

2009

0.64 (37)

0.85 (19)

Early May (5 May)

9 May

1 May

–8

JOZ

2010

0.54 (45)

Early May (5 May)

13 May

JOZ

2011

0.64 (47)

Early May (5 May)

9 May

8 May

–1

JOZ

2012

0.53 (49)

Late April (25 April)

5 May

7 May

2

* Snowmelt day in JOZ was roughly estimated.


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