Ecological Archives E094-213-A1
Gaku Kudo, Takashi Y. Ida. 2013. Early onset of spring increases the phenological mismatch between plants and pollinators. Ecology 94:2311–2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-2003.1
Appendix A. Data set of the long-term analyses of snowmelt time, flowering onset date, and seed-set success of Corydalis ambigua, and first detection date of Bombus queens at each site over 10–14 years.
Table A1. Data set of the long-term analyses of snowmelt time, flowering onset and seed-set success (under natural pollination and artificial outcrossing by hand-pollination) of Corydalis ambigua, first detection of bumble bees, and phenological mismatch between flowering and pollinator activity in each site. NFP: Nopporo Forest Park, TOEF: Tomakomai Experimental Forest, JOZ: Jozankei forest. Sample size of seed-set success is shown in parenthesis.
Site |
Year |
Seed set |
Seed set by hand-pollination |
Snowmelt time* |
Flowering onset |
Bumble-bee detection |
Mismatch day |
NFP |
1999 |
0.34 (28) |
– |
15 April |
23 April |
27 April |
4 |
NFP |
2000 |
0.41 (31) |
0.69 (25) |
20 April |
30 April |
1 May |
1 |
NFP |
2001 |
0.54 (39) |
0.76 (50) |
12 April |
24 April |
25 April |
1 |
NFP |
2002 |
0.14 (40) |
– |
5 April |
14 April |
21 April |
7 |
NFP |
2003 |
0.25 (44) |
– |
10 April |
18 April |
25 April |
7 |
NFP |
2004 |
– |
– |
10 April |
20 April |
25 April |
5 |
NFP |
2005 |
0.35 (48) |
– |
20 April |
26 April |
29 April |
3 |
NFP |
2006 |
0.15 (41) |
– |
19 April |
26 April |
27 April |
1 |
NFP |
2007 |
0.50 (20) |
0.80 (37) |
15 April |
23 April |
25 April |
2 |
NFP |
2008 |
0.29 (37) |
– |
8 April |
16 April |
23 April |
7 |
NFP |
2009 |
0.32 (46) |
– |
7 April |
15 April |
22 April |
7 |
NFP |
2010 |
0.57 (55) |
– |
17 April |
27 April |
26 April |
–1 |
NFP |
2011 |
0.66 (53) |
0.72 (26) |
23 April |
30 April |
1 May |
1 |
NFP |
2012 |
0.57 (50) |
– |
20 April |
27 April |
27 April |
0 |
TOEF |
1999 |
0.58 (40) |
0.74 (25) |
14 April |
21 April |
24 April |
3 |
TOEF |
2000 |
0.38 (32) |
0.67 (21) |
10 April |
24 April |
29 April |
5 |
TOEF |
2001 |
0.48 (35) |
0.67 (20) |
9 April |
26 April |
27 April |
1 |
TOEF |
2002 |
0.04 (40) |
0.72 (24) |
2 April |
10 April |
17 April |
7 |
TOEF |
2003 |
0.44 (40) |
– |
13 April |
21 April |
25 April |
4 |
TOEF |
2004 |
0.16 (40) |
– |
12 April |
20 April |
– |
– |
TOEF |
2005 |
0.35 (21) |
– |
20 April |
28 April |
3 May |
5 |
TOEF |
2006 |
0.20 (60) |
– |
10 April |
27 April |
4 May |
7 |
TOEF |
2007 |
0.78 (30) |
– |
3 April |
25 April |
24 April |
–1 |
TOEF |
2008 |
0.44 (28) |
– |
31 March |
18 April |
20 April |
2 |
JOZ |
1999 |
0.74 (40) |
– |
Early May (5 May) |
10 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2000 |
0.64 (60) |
0.77 (30) |
Early May (5 May) |
11 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2001 |
0.73 (41) |
0.77 (30) |
Early May (5 May) |
10 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2002 |
0.32 (40) |
– |
Mid-April (15 April) |
20 April |
25 April |
5 |
JOZ |
2003 |
0.60 (60) |
– |
Late April (25 April) |
1 May |
3 May |
2 |
JOZ |
2004 |
0.30 (43) |
– |
Late April (25 April) |
5 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2005 |
0.75 (46) |
– |
Early May (5 May) |
10 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2006 |
0.49 (31) |
– |
Early May (5 May) |
10 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2007 |
0.78 (29) |
– |
Early May (5 May) |
12 May |
5 May |
–7 |
JOZ |
2008 |
0.20 (40) |
– |
Mid-April (15 April) |
20 April |
25 April |
5 |
JOZ |
2009 |
0.64 (37) |
0.85 (19) |
Early May (5 May) |
9 May |
1 May |
–8 |
JOZ |
2010 |
0.54 (45) |
– |
Early May (5 May) |
13 May |
– |
– |
JOZ |
2011 |
0.64 (47) |
– |
Early May (5 May) |
9 May |
8 May |
–1 |
JOZ |
2012 |
0.53 (49) |
– |
Late April (25 April) |
5 May |
7 May |
2 |
* Snowmelt day in JOZ was roughly estimated.