Ecological Archives E094-259-A3
Raymond M. Danner, Russell S. Greenberg, Julie E. Danner, Laila T. Kirkpatrick, Jeffrey R. Walters. 2013. Experimental support for food limitation of a short-distance migratory bird wintering in the temperate zone. Ecology 94:2803–2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0337.1
Appendix C. Tables of linear models ranked based on AICc values.
Table C1. Linear models that describe total swamp sparrow abundance on experimental plots. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Treatment period
3
158.1
0
0.71
Treatment period + Plot
4
160.8
2.7
0.19
Treatment period * Plot
5
162.1
4.0
0.10
Intercept only
2
168.2
10.1
4.61 × 10-3
Plot
3
170.7
12.5
1.34 × 10-3
Table C2. Linear models that describe adult Swamp Sparrow abundance on experimental plots. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Treatment period + Plot
4
130.2
0
0.48
Treatment period
3
130.8
0.5
0.37
Treatment period * Plot
5
133.2
3.0
0.11
Intercept only
2
136.8
6.5
0.02
Plot
3
136.7
6.5
0.02
Table C3. Linear models that describe immature Swamp Sparrow abundance on experimental plots. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Treatment period + Plot
4
138.4
0
0.36
Treatment period * Plot
5
138.6
0.3
0.31
Treatment period
3
139.0
0.7
0.26
Plot
3
142.8
4.4
0.04
Intercept only
2
143.1
4.7
0.03
Table C4. Linear models that describe total Swamp Sparrow abundance on control plots. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Plot
3
178.5
0
0.74
Plot + Treatment period
4
181.1
2.5
0.21
Plot * Treatment period
5
183.8
5.3
0.05
Intercept only
2
209.3
30.8
1.53 × 10-7
Treatment period
3
211.7
33.2
4.57 × 10-8
Table C5. Linear models that describe adult Swamp Sparrow abundance on control plots. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Plot
3
145.5
0
0.76
Plot + Treatment period
4
148.3
2.7
0.19
Plot * Treatment period
5
151.1
5.5
0.05
Intercept only
2
166.0
20.4
2.80 × 10-5
Treatment period
3
168.5
22.9
7.95 × 10-6
Table C6. Linear models that describe immature Swamp Sparrow abundance on control plots. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Plot
3
150.2
0
0.66
Plot + Treatment period
4
152.3
2.1
0.23
Plot * Treatment period
5
153.8
3.6
0.11
Intercept only
2
178.3
28.1
5.33 × 10-7
Treatment period
3
180.5
30.3
1.77 × 10-7
Table C7. Cormack-Jolly-Seber logistic regression models that describe apparent survival (φ) and recapture probability (p) for Swamp Sparrows. In all models, recapture probability accounted for Plot + Sex. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
φ
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Treatment
7
1538.0
0
0.13
Treatment + Age
8
1538.6
0.5
0.10
Intercept only
6
1539.6
1.6
0.06
Age
7
1539.7
1.7
0.06
Treatment + Year
9
1539.8
1.8
0.05
Treatment * Age
9
1539.8
1.8
0.05
Treatment + Sex
8
1540.1
2.0
0.05
Treatment + Sex * Age
10
1540.2
2.1
0.04
Treatment + Sex + Age
9
1540.5
2.5
0.04
Year
8
1540.7
2.7
0.03
Treatment * Sex
9
1540.7
2.7
0.03
Sex * Age
9
1540.9
2.9
0.03
Treatment + Year + Age
10
1541.0
3.0
0.03
Sex
7
1541.6
3.6
0.02
Treatment * Age + Sex
10
1541.6
3.6
0.02
Treatment * Sex + Age
10
1541.7
3.6
0.02
Sex + Age
8
1541.8
3.7
0.02
Year + Age
9
1541.8
3.8
0.02
Treatment + Year + Sex
10
1541.8
3.8
0.02
Year + Sex
9
1542.7
4.6
0.01
Plot
9
1542.9
4.9
0.01
Treatment + Year + Sex + Age
11
1543.0
5.0
0.01
Treatment + Year + Sex * Age
12
1543.1
5.1
0.01
Year * Sex
11
1543.1
5.1
0.01
Year + Sex * Age
11
1543.2
5.1
0.01
Year * Age
11
1543.2
5.1
0.01
Treatment + Plot
10
1543.2
5.2
0.01
Plot + Age
10
1543.3
5.3
9.20 × 10-3
Plot + Sex * Age
12
1543.4
5.3
8.97 × 10-3
Treatment * Sex * Age
13
1543.4
5.4
8.56 × 10-3
Treatment + Plot + Age
11
1543.7
5.7
7.37 × 10-3
Year + Sex + Age
10
1543.8
5.8
7.12 × 10-3
Year * Sex + Age
12
1544.0
6.0
6.53 × 10-3
Treatment + Plot + Sex * Age
13
1544.4
6.4
5.22 × 10-3
Plot + Year
11
1544.6
6.6
4.72 × 10-3
Plot + Sex
10
1544.9
6.9
4.10 × 10-3
Plot + Sex + Age
11
1545.1
7.0
3.81 × 10-3
Treatment + Plot + Sex
11
1545.2
7.2
3.57 × 10-3
Year * Age + Sex
12
1545.2
7.2
3.53 × 10-3
Plot + Year * Sex
14
1545.6
7.5
2.98 × 10-3
Treatment + Plot + Sex + Age
12
1545.6
7.5
2.94 × 10-3
Plot + Year * Sex + Age
15
1545.7
7.7
2.78 × 10-3
Plot + Year + Age
12
1545.8
7.8
2.60 × 10-3
Treatment * Sex * Age + Year
15
1546.3
8.3
2.03 × 10-3
Plot + Year + Sex * Age
14
1546.4
8.4
1.96 × 10-3
Plot + Year * Sex * Age
20
1546.6
8.6
1.76 × 10-3
Plot + Year + Sex
12
1546.7
8.6
1.70 × 10-3
Plot * Age + Year
15
1547.6
9.6
1.08 × 10-3
Plot + Year * Age
14
1547.7
9.7
9.94 × 10-4
Plot + Year + Sex + Age
13
1547.8
9.8
9.75 × 10-4
Year * Sex * Age
17
1547.9
9.8
9.43 × 10-4
Plot * Sex + Year
15
1548.7
10.7
6.22 × 10-4
Plot * Age + Sex + Year
16
1549.3
11.3
4.61 × 10-4
Plot + Year * Age + Sex
15
1549.7
11.7
3.72 × 10-4
Plot * Sex + Age + Year
16
1549.7
11.7
3.68 × 10-4
Plot * Year
17
1552.0
14.0
1.18 × 10-4
Plot * Sex * Age + Year
23
1552.4
14.4
9.54 × 10-5
Plot * Year + Age
18
1553.5
15.5
5.65 × 10-5
Plot * Year + Sex
18
1554.1
16.1
4.15 × 10-5
Plot * Year + Sex * Age
20
1555.0
16.9
2.71 × 10-5
Plot * Year * Sex
29
1557.4
19.4
8.03 × 10-6
Plot * Year * Sex + Age
30
1558.4
20.4
4.83 × 10-6
Plot * Year * Age
29
1563.8
25.7
3.30 × 10-7
Plot * Year * Age + Sex
30
1565.9
27.9
1.15 × 10-7
Plot * Year * Sex * Age
53
1576.6
38.6
5.37 × 10-10
Table C8. Robust models that describe survival (S), temporary emigration (γ'' and γ'), encounter probability (p), and abundance for Swamp Sparrows in 2008. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight. Dots indicate that parameters are constrained to constant values.
S
γ''
γ'
p
N
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
.
0
0
.
Session
7
-715.6
0
0.99
.
Time
Time
.
Session
11
-707.2
8.4
0.01
Table C9. Linear mixed models that describe scaled mass index of Swamp Sparrows. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight. All models include Individual as a random effect and Ordinal Day.
Models
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Treatment * Sex * Age + Year
13
3965.6
0
0.72
Plot * Year + Age
16
3969.1
3.5
0.13
Plot * Year * Sex + Age
28
3970.3
4.7
0.07
Plot * Year + Sex + Age
17
3971.1
5.5
0.05
Plot * Year + Sex * Age
18
3972.1
6.5
0.03
Treatment + Year + Age
8
3976.1
10.5
3.84 × 10-3
Plot * Year
15
3976.3
10.7
3.36 × 10-3
Treatment + Year + Sex + Age
9
3978.0
12.4
1.45 × 10-3
Treatment + Year + Sex * Age
10
3978.1
12.5
1.37 × 10-3
Plot * Year + Sex
16
3978.3
12.7
1.23 × 10-3
Plot * Year * Sex
27
3980.0
14.4
5.47 × 10-4
Treatment + Year
7
3981.0
15.4
3.20 × 10-4
Treatment + Year + Sex
8
3982.9
17.3
1.24 × 10-4
Plot * Year * Age
27
3983.9
18.3
7.63 × 10-5
Plot * Year * Age + Sex
28
3986.0
20.4
2.69 × 10-5
Plot * Year * Sex * Age
51
4000.9
35.3
1.59 × 10-8
Plot + Year * Age
12
4002.3
36.7
7.63 × 10-9
Year * Age
9
4003.3
37.7
4.71 × 10-9
Plot + Year * Age + Sex
13
4004.3
38.7
2.86 × 10-9
Year * Age + Sex
10
4005.2
39.6
1.84 × 10-9
Plot * Age + Year
13
4007.1
41.5
7.13 × 10-10
Plot + Year + Sex * Age
12
4007.3
41.7
6.45 × 10-10
Plot + Year + Age
10
4007.5
41.9
5.66 × 10-10
Year + Sex * Age
9
4007.7
42.1
5.20 × 10-10
Year + Age
7
4007.9
42.3
4.70 × 10-10
Plot * Age + Sex + Year
14
4008.9
43.3
2.88 × 10-10
Plot + Year + Sex + Age
11
4009.3
43.7
2.37 × 10-10
Year + Sex + Age
8
4009.5
43.9
2.09 × 10-10
Plot * Sex * Age + Year
21
4010.4
44.8
1.32 × 10-10
Plot + Year
9
4010.8
45.1
1.13 × 10-10
Plot * Sex + Age + Year
14
4010.8
45.2
1.12 × 10-10
Plot + Year * Sex * Age
18
4011.2
45.6
9.02 × 10-11
Year
6
4011.4
45.8
7.98 × 10-11
Year * Sex * Age
15
4012.3
46.7
5.22 × 10-11
Plot + Year + Sex
10
4012.4
46.8
4.87 × 10-11
Year + Sex
7
4013.0
47.4
3.70 × 10-11
Plot + Year * Sex + Age
13
4013.3
47.7
3.08 × 10-11
Year * Sex + Age
10
4013.6
48.0
2.77 × 10-11
Plot * Sex + Year
13
4013.9
48.3
2.34 × 10-11
Treatment * Sex * Age
11
4014.1
48.5
2.11 × 10-11
Treatment * Age
7
4015.1
49.5
1.30 × 10-11
Plot + Year * Sex
12
4016.2
50.6
7.44 × 10-12
Year * Sex
9
4016.6
51.0
6.03 × 10-12
Treatment * Age + Sex
8
4017.0
51.4
4.93 × 10-12
Treatment + Plot + Age
9
4018.3
52.7
2.57 × 10-12
Treatment + Plot + Sex + Age
10
4020.3
54.7
9.55 × 10-13
Treatment * Sex + Age
8
4021.6
55.9
5.10 × 10-13
Treatment + Plot + Sex * Age
11
4022.1
56.5
3.88 × 10-13
Treatment + Plot
8
4026.7
61.1
3.81 × 10-14
Treatment + Age
6
4027.6
62.0
2.52 × 10-14
Treatment + Plot + Sex
9
4028.7
63.1
1.41 × 10-14
Treatment * Sex
7
4029.4
63.8
1.03 × 10-14
Treatment + Sex + Age
7
4029.5
63.9
9.44 × 10-15
Treatment + Sex * Age
8
4031.5
65.9
3.58 × 10-15
Treatment
5
4036.3
70.7
3.27 × 10-16
Treatment + Sex
6
4038.2
72.6
1.21 × 10-15
Plot + Age
8
4094.7
129.1
6.53 × 10-29
Age
5
4096.3
130.6
3.07 × 10-29
Plot + Sex + Age
9
4096.8
131.2
2.37 × 10-29
Sex + Age
6
4098.3
132.7
1.12 × 10-29
Plot + Sex * Age
10
4098.8
133.1
8.68 × 10-30
Sex * Age
7
4100.3
134.7
4.07 × 10-30
Plot
7
4107.6
142.0
1.05 × 10-31
Intercept only
4
4109.4
143.8
4.37 × 10-32
Plot + Sex
8
4109.6
144.0
3.80 × 10-32
Sex
5
4111.4
145.8
1.59 × 10-32
Table C10. Cormack-Jolly-Seber logistic regression models that describe apparent survival (φ) and recapture probability (p) for Swamp Sparrows with respect to Scaled Mass Index and other variables. In all models, recapture probability accounted for Plot + Sex. K = number of parameters, wi = model weight.
φ
K
AICc
ΔAICc
wi
Treatment * Scaled mass
7
1315.5
0
0.78
Scaled mass
5
1318.8
3.3
0.15
Treatment + Scaled mass
6
1320.6
5.1
0.06
Treatment
5
1329.6
14.1
6.83 × 10-4