Ecological Archives E095-157-A4

Kathryn L. Amatangelo, Sarah E. Johnson, David A. Rogers, Donald M. Waller. 2014. Trait–environment relationships remain strong despite 50 years of trait compositional change in temperate forests. Ecology 95:1780–1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0757.1

Appendix D. Multiple linear regression results for all traits included in the study.

Table D1. Multiple linear regression results for primary quantitative traits. MAT; MAP: mean annual temperature or precipitation for the 10 years preceding vegetation surveys (1944–1953 and 1996–2005). Soil PCA1 is associated with higher soil fertility; soil data were collected in the modern sampling period. Forested area is the proportion of forested land within 2 km of the site; data are from 1991–1993. SLA: Specific leaf area, LDMC- Leaf dry matter content, SDMC – Stem dry matter content, Leaf L:W – Leaf length:width

 

Seed Mass

Plant Height

SLA

LDMC

Fixed Effects

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

Time

2.18

NS

1.479

NS

0.009

NS

6.205

0.0133

SoilPCA1

 

 

6.427

0.0123

12.01

0.0007

5.840

0.0169

MAT

23.80

<0.0001

 

 

104.6

<0.0001

75.39

<0.0001

MAP

1.41

NS

 

 

6.239

0.013

5.756

0.0172

Forested area

4.73

0.031

 

 

 

 

 

 

SoilPCA1 * Time

 

 

5.7096

0.0182

14.48

0.0002

 

 

MAT * Time

4.58

0.034

 

 

19.78

<0.0001

15.02

0.0002

MAP * Time

4.29

0.040

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forest * Time

9.22

0.003

 

 

 

 

 

 

Model Adj R²

0.474

0.352

0.645

0.721

 

 

SDMC

Foliar N

Leaf Thickness

Leaf L:W

Fixed Effects

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

Time

10.15

0.0016

1.861

NS

0.1355

NS

21.011

<0.0001

SoilPCA1

 

 

7.878

0.0057

4.832

0.0296

 

 

MAT

 

 

141.2

<0.0001

31.41

<0.0001

176.3

<0.0001

MAP

15.81

<0.0001

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forested area

11.77

0.0008

 

 

 

 

 

 

SoilPCA1 * Time

 

 

9.279

0.0028

4.020

0.0469

 

 

MAT * Time

 

 

9.452

0.0025

 

 

86.79

<0.0001

MAP * Time

5.303

0.0224

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forest * Time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Model Adj R²

0.479

0.774

0.345

0.546

 

Table D2. Multiple linear regression results for foliar chemistry traits. MAT; MAP: mean annual temperature or precipitation for the 10 years preceding vegetation surveys (1944–1953 and 1996–2005). Soil PCA1 is associated with higher soil fertility; soil data were collected in the modern sampling period. Forested area is the proportion of forested land within 2 km of the site; data are from 1991–1993. NDF: neutral detergent fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber.

 

%Ash

%NDF

%ADF

%Lignin

Fixed Effects

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

Time

0.087

NS

27.96

<0.0001

13.91

0.0003

0.048

NS

SoilPCA

18.58

<0.0001

4.102

0.0447

 

 

 

 

MAT

23.91

<0.0001

23.87

<0.0001

68.15

0.0011

53.86

<0.0001

MAP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forested area

1.83

NS

22.25

<0.0001

 

 

8.79

0.0035

SoilPCA * Time

18.58

<0.0001

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAT * Time

23.91

<0.0001

93.20

<0.0001

28.64

<0.0001

28.09

<0.0001

MAP * Time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forest * Time

10.71

0.0013

 

 

 

 

 

 

Model Adj R²

0.218

0.693

0.561

0.294

 

 

 

 

 

 

%P

%Ca

%Mg

%K

Fixed Effects

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

F ratio

P

Time

25.09

<0.0001

6.94

0.0093

0.14

NS

0.62

NS

SoilPCA

33.59

<0.0001

22.05

<0.0001

15.29

<0.0001

16.41

<0.0001

MAT

43.68

<0.0001

36.78

<0.0001

117.17

<0.0001

18.55

<0.0001

MAP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forested area

0.872

NS

1.291

NS

 

 

0.239

NS

SoilPCA * Time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAT * Time

18.67

<0.0001

36.21

<0.0001

10.57

0.0014

9.43

0.0026

MAP * Time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forest * Time

7.185

0.0082

6.185

0.014

 

 

12.04

0.0007

Model Adj R²

0.520

0.254

0.543

0.693


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