Ecological Archives E095-157-A4
Kathryn L. Amatangelo, Sarah E. Johnson, David A. Rogers, Donald M. Waller. 2014. Trait–environment relationships remain strong despite 50 years of trait compositional change in temperate forests. Ecology 95:1780–1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0757.1
Appendix D. Multiple linear regression results for all traits included in the study.
Table D1. Multiple linear regression results for primary quantitative traits. MAT; MAP: mean annual temperature or precipitation for the 10 years preceding vegetation surveys (1944–1953 and 1996–2005). Soil PCA1 is associated with higher soil fertility; soil data were collected in the modern sampling period. Forested area is the proportion of forested land within 2 km of the site; data are from 1991–1993. SLA: Specific leaf area, LDMC- Leaf dry matter content, SDMC – Stem dry matter content, Leaf L:W – Leaf length:width
|
Seed Mass |
Plant Height |
SLA |
LDMC |
||||
Fixed Effects |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
Time |
2.18 |
NS |
1.479 |
NS |
0.009 |
NS |
6.205 |
0.0133 |
SoilPCA1 |
|
|
6.427 |
0.0123 |
12.01 |
0.0007 |
5.840 |
0.0169 |
MAT |
23.80 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
104.6 |
<0.0001 |
75.39 |
<0.0001 |
MAP |
1.41 |
NS |
|
|
6.239 |
0.013 |
5.756 |
0.0172 |
Forested area |
4.73 |
0.031 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SoilPCA1 * Time |
|
|
5.7096 |
0.0182 |
14.48 |
0.0002 |
|
|
MAT * Time |
4.58 |
0.034 |
|
|
19.78 |
<0.0001 |
15.02 |
0.0002 |
MAP * Time |
4.29 |
0.040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forest * Time |
9.22 |
0.003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Model Adj R² |
0.474 |
0.352 |
0.645 |
0.721 |
||||
|
||||||||
|
SDMC |
Foliar N |
Leaf Thickness |
Leaf L:W |
||||
Fixed Effects |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
Time |
10.15 |
0.0016 |
1.861 |
NS |
0.1355 |
NS |
21.011 |
<0.0001 |
SoilPCA1 |
|
|
7.878 |
0.0057 |
4.832 |
0.0296 |
|
|
MAT |
|
|
141.2 |
<0.0001 |
31.41 |
<0.0001 |
176.3 |
<0.0001 |
MAP |
15.81 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forested area |
11.77 |
0.0008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SoilPCA1 * Time |
|
|
9.279 |
0.0028 |
4.020 |
0.0469 |
|
|
MAT * Time |
|
|
9.452 |
0.0025 |
|
|
86.79 |
<0.0001 |
MAP * Time |
5.303 |
0.0224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forest * Time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Model Adj R² |
0.479 |
0.774 |
0.345 |
0.546 |
Table D2. Multiple linear regression results for foliar chemistry traits. MAT; MAP: mean annual temperature or precipitation for the 10 years preceding vegetation surveys (1944–1953 and 1996–2005). Soil PCA1 is associated with higher soil fertility; soil data were collected in the modern sampling period. Forested area is the proportion of forested land within 2 km of the site; data are from 1991–1993. NDF: neutral detergent fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber.
|
%Ash |
%NDF |
%ADF |
%Lignin |
||||
Fixed Effects |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
Time |
0.087 |
NS |
27.96 |
<0.0001 |
13.91 |
0.0003 |
0.048 |
NS |
SoilPCA |
18.58 |
<0.0001 |
4.102 |
0.0447 |
|
|
|
|
MAT |
23.91 |
<0.0001 |
23.87 |
<0.0001 |
68.15 |
0.0011 |
53.86 |
<0.0001 |
MAP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forested area |
1.83 |
NS |
22.25 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
8.79 |
0.0035 |
SoilPCA * Time |
18.58 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAT * Time |
23.91 |
<0.0001 |
93.20 |
<0.0001 |
28.64 |
<0.0001 |
28.09 |
<0.0001 |
MAP * Time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forest * Time |
10.71 |
0.0013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Model Adj R² |
0.218 |
0.693 |
0.561 |
0.294 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
%P |
%Ca |
%Mg |
%K |
||||
Fixed Effects |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
F ratio |
P |
Time |
25.09 |
<0.0001 |
6.94 |
0.0093 |
0.14 |
NS |
0.62 |
NS |
SoilPCA |
33.59 |
<0.0001 |
22.05 |
<0.0001 |
15.29 |
<0.0001 |
16.41 |
<0.0001 |
MAT |
43.68 |
<0.0001 |
36.78 |
<0.0001 |
117.17 |
<0.0001 |
18.55 |
<0.0001 |
MAP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forested area |
0.872 |
NS |
1.291 |
NS |
|
|
0.239 |
NS |
SoilPCA * Time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAT * Time |
18.67 |
<0.0001 |
36.21 |
<0.0001 |
10.57 |
0.0014 |
9.43 |
0.0026 |
MAP * Time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forest * Time |
7.185 |
0.0082 |
6.185 |
0.014 |
|
|
12.04 |
0.0007 |
Model Adj R² |
0.520 |
0.254 |
0.543 |
0.693 |