# delimit ; clear; cap log close; log using I:\D_Drive\MedicalSchool\VolunteerWork\EranBendavid_DoraRecommend\Estimation\Program_20141217_Update\New_20141220\Prog_20141222_TimeFixEff_All_Gd\Out_Child_Contin_W3L1_RealGF_9i_ToEran.log,replace; set more 1; ***********************************; insheet using I:\D_Drive\MedicalSchool\VolunteerWork\EranBendavid_DoraRecommend\Estimation\Program_20130808_Est\data10zzv_AIDSDeath_HiLoMort_LibyanGDP_csv.csv; xtset countrycode year; gen d_hi_hivortb= (d_hi_hiv==1)|(d_hi_tb==1); gen d_low_hivortb=(d_low_hiv==1)|(d_low_tb==1); gen funddivpop_hivortb = funddivpop_hiv + funddivpop_tb; gen RealGDPPercap_PPP = gdp_ppp_constant_2005_internatio/population_wdi; gen GDPPerCap = gdp_per_capita_current_us; gen RealGDPPerCap = gdp_per_capita_constant_2005_us; gen LifeExp = life_expectancy_at_birth_total; gen HealthExpPerCap = (health_expenditure_per_capita_cu-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator_2010; gen ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP = ln(RealGDPPercap_PPP); gen ln_LifeExp = ln(life_expectancy_at_birth_total); gen ln_HealthExpPerCap = ln(HealthExpPerCap); gen ln_childmortality = ln(childmortality); gen ghes_usd10_per1000cap = ghes_usd10/population_wdi*1000; gen ln_ghes_usd10_per1000cap = ln(ghes_usd10_per1000cap); gen RealHealthExp_per1000cap = realhealthexp*1000; gen ln_RealHealthExp_per1000cap = ln(RealHealthExp_per1000cap); /* Health personnel (physicians, nurses & midwives) per 1000 population (from WHO) (missing data filled by interpolation) */ gen HealthPersonnel_Interp = physician_interp+nursemidwife_interp; gen ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp = ln(HealthPersonnel_Interp); /* Health personnel (physicians, nurses & midwives) per 1000 population (from WHO) (country mean) */ gen HealthPersonnel_mean = physician_nointerp_mean+nursemidwife_nointerp_mean; gen ln_HealthPersonnel_mean = ln(HealthPersonnel_mean); /* generate real GF per capita variables */ /* If do not want to use real GF per capita, comment out the following section */ replace funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace funddivpop_hivtb_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1+funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1; replace fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; replace HealthExpPerCap = (health_expenditure_per_capita_cu-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator; /*************************/ replace funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace funddivpop_hivtb_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1+funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1; replace fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; replace HealthExpPerCap = (health_expenditure_per_capita_cu-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator_2010; gen yr70=(year==1970); gen yr71=(year==1971); gen yr72=(year==1972); gen yr73=(year==1973); gen yr74=(year==1974); gen yr75=(year==1975); gen yr76=(year==1976); gen yr77=(year==1977); gen yr78=(year==1978); gen yr79=(year==1979); gen yr80=(year==1980); gen yr81=(year==1981); gen yr82=(year==1982); gen yr83=(year==1983); gen yr84=(year==1984); gen yr85=(year==1985); gen yr86=(year==1986); gen yr87=(year==1987); gen yr88=(year==1988); gen yr89=(year==1989); gen yr90=(year==1990); gen yr91=(year==1991); gen yr92=(year==1992); gen yr93=(year==1993); gen yr94=(year==1994); gen yr95=(year==1995); gen yr96=(year==1996); gen yr97=(year==1997); gen yr98=(year==1998); gen yr99=(year==1999); gen yr00=(year==2000); gen yr01=(year==2001); gen yr02=(year==2002); gen yr03=(year==2003); gen yr04=(year==2004); gen yr05=(year==2005); gen yr06=(year==2006); gen yr07=(year==2007); gen yr08=(year==2008); gen yr09=(year==2009); gen yr10=(year==2010); /* use data from 1995 to 2010*/ /* Note: The variable “Health expenditure per capita” from WDI is only available after 1995 */ * drop if year<1995; drop if (year<1995)|(year>2012); /*remove those countries that are ineligible for Global Fund */ drop if d_no_notelig_multigr==1; /***************/ gen funddivpop_multigr_w1l3 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1-funddivpop_multigr_w1l1-funddivpop_multigr_w1l2; gen trend_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*trend; gen d_yes = d_hi_multigr+d_low_multigr; gen d_yes_d_gf_fund = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1; gen tr_d_yes = d_yes*trend; gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*trend; /************/ gen d_yes_fund = d_yes*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1; gen tr_fund = trend*(1+funddivpop_multigr_w3l1); gen d_yes_tr_fund = d_yes*trend*(1+funddivpop_multigr_w3l1); gen fund_l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w1l1; gen fund_l2 = funddivpop_multigr_w1l2; gen fund_l3 = funddivpop_multigr_w1l3; gen tr_fund_l1 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1; gen tr_fund_l2 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2; gen tr_fund_l3 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3; gen d_yes_tr_fund_l1 = d_yes*trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1; gen d_yes_tr_fund_l2 = d_yes*trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2; gen d_yes_tr_fund_l3 = d_yes*trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3; gen d_yes_d_gf = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1; gen d_yes_d_gf_fund_l1 = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1; gen d_yes_d_gf_fund_l2 = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2; gen d_yes_d_gf_fund_l3 = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3; gen tr_d_yes_d_gf = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1; gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund_l1 = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1; gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund_l2 = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2; gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund_l3 = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3; gen tr_healthper_int = trend*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_healthper_mean = trend*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1; gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq =funddivpop_multigr_w3l1^2; gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq; gen funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_m = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_m = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1=ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1); gen tr_ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = trend*ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1); gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = trend*ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean = ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m = trend*ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq =ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1^2; gen tr_ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq = trend*ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq; gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_int = ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_heal_i = trend*ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_m = ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_heal_m = trend*ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l2; gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l3; gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l4; gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l5; gen funddivpop_w3l2_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen funddivpop_w3l3_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen funddivpop_w3l4_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen funddivpop_w3l5_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp; gen funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen AllFund_percap_w3l1 = (otheradultfund_percap_w3l1+mch_curr_percap_w3l1)/us_gdpdeflator; gen AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m = AllFund_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_OthAll_div_pop_w3l1 = trend*AllFund_percap_w3l1; gen t_AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m = trend*AllFund_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 = pepfar_percap_cons10usd_w3l1*L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010/L1.us_gdpdeflator; gen AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 = (otheradultfund_percap_w3l1+mch_curr_percap_w3l1)/us_gdpdeflator-pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1; gen PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m = pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen AllFundpcNoPEP_w3l1_health_m = AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 = trend*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1; gen tr_PEPFAR_cons_health_m = trend*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_OthAllNoPEP_div_pop_w3l1 = trend*AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1; gen t_AllFundpcNOPEP_w3l1_health_m = trend*AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1; gen GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1; gen tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_health_m = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_noMultiGr = funddivpop_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; gen tr_funddivpop_noMultiGr_w3l1 = trend*funddivpop_w3l1; gen tr_fundpc_w3l1_heal_noMultiGr = trend*funddivpop_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; /*****************/ _pctile hiv_pre_avg0103, p(33.33, 66.66); return list; gen hivPrev_low= (hiv_pre_avg0103=r(r1))); gen hivPrev_hi= ((hiv_pre_avg0103<999) & (hiv_pre_avg0103>=r(r2))); /* Lag 1*/ /* good */ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 2*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 3*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 4*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 5*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /****************************/ /* updated robustness check */ /****************************/ /* ------------------------------------*/ /* (SA2.1) sub-Saharan African countries */ /* ------------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (ssafrica_broad==1), fe robust; /* -------------------------------*/ /* (SA2.2a) high HIV-prevalence */ /* -------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (hivPrev_hi == 1), fe robust; /* -------------------------------*/ /* (SA2.2b) mid HIV-prevalence */ /* -------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (hivPrev_mid == 1), fe robust; /* -------------------------------*/ /* (SA2.2c) low HIV-prevalence */ /* -------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (hivPrev_low == 1), fe robust; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (SA3) interact with PEPFAR */ /* -----------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m pepfar_percap_cons10usd_w3l1 PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_PEPFAR_cons_health_m GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1 GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* ---------------------------------------------------*/ /* (SA4.1a) interact with other aids (including PEPFAR) */ /* ---------------------------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ /* add tr_healthper, interact other all non-GF adult fund with health workforce density (mean) */ xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 AllFund_percap_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_OthAll_div_pop_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m t_AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* ---------------------------------------------------*/ /* (SA4.1b) interact with other aids (excluding PEPFAR) */ /* ---------------------------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ /* add tr_healthper, interact other all non-GF adult fund with health workforce density (mean) */ xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean AllFundpcNoPEP_w3l1_health_m tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_OthAllNoPEP_div_pop_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m t_AllFundpcNOPEP_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* ----------------------------------------*/ /* (SA4.2) excluding all other co-variates */ /* ----------------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ *xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m, fe robust; xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1, fe robust; /* ----------------------*/ /* (SA5a) different lags */ /* ----------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 2*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 3*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 4*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* Lag 5*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* ----------------------*/ /* (SA6) malaria per pop at risk */ /* ----------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ *xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* add tr_healthper */ *xtreg ln_childmalariamortal trend tr_healthper_mean fundpopriskatlas_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_fundpopriskatlas_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* --------------------*/ /* (#6) drop GDP per capita */ /* --------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ **xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban i.year, fe i(countrycode) robust; xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* ----------------------*/ /* (#11a) include main effect of GF and time fixed effect */ /* ----------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban i.year, fe i(countrycode) robust; /* --------------------------------------------*/ /* (#16a) remove imputed health worker density */ /* --------------------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ gen HealthPersonnel_raw = phy_nursemidwife_raw; gen ln_HealthPersonnel_raw = ln(HealthPersonnel_raw); gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_raw = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_raw; gen tr_healthper_raw = trend*ln_HealthPersonnel_raw; gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_r = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_raw; xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_raw tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_raw tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_r ln_HealthPersonnel_raw ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* ------------------------------------------------*/ /* (#10a) time fixed effect interacted with GF, no trend tem, robust se */ /* ------------------------------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban i.year##c.funddivpop_multigr_w3l1, fe i(countrycode) robust; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (#17a) remove all imputed data */ /* -----------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ gen HealthExpPerCap_raw = (health_exp_per_capita_cur_us_raw-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator; gen ln_HealthExpPerCap_raw = ln(HealthExpPerCap_raw); xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_raw tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_raw tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_r ln_HealthPersonnel_raw ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap_raw percenturban, fe robust; /* -----------------*/ /* (#18) updated with GFATM disbursements deducted from total health expenditure, and the GFATM is measured in 2005 constant price.*/ /* -----------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ /* good */ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* panel correlation */ correlate funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (#22b) include GF, PEPFAR and other aid in the regression, without trend, without interacting with HWD */ /* -----------------------------*/ xtreg ln_childmortality funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (#22e) simultaneously testing for the effect for PEPFAR and other aid, interacted with trend, but not interacted with health worker density */ /* -----------------------------*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_OthAllNoPEP_div_pop_w3l1 ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (#24, 35) remove multicountry grants */ /* -----------------------------*/ *xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_noMultiGr tr_funddivpop_noMultiGr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_fundpc_w3l1_heal_noMultiGr ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (#32b) drop mortality with top 5% variability */ /* -----------------------------*/ /* Lag 1*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (top5pctvar_childmort == 0), fe robust; /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* (#33) with continuous measure of PEPFAR (constant price) and GF */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m pepfar_percap_cons10usd_w3l1 PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_PEPFAR_cons_health_m GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1 GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; /* -----------------------------*/ /* (Reviewer #3) drop outliers */ /* -----------------------------*/ xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust; predict yhat_alphai, xbu; gen resid = ln_childmortality - yhat_alphai; egen avg_r = mean(resid), by(countrycode); egen sd_r = sd(resid), by(countrycode); gen r_standard = (resid-avg_r)/sd_r; drop if missing(r_standard); /* to examine the residuals with a stem and leaf plot. The residuals that stick out are those at the tails of the distribution */ stem r_standard; sort r_standard; list countrycode countryname year r_standard if(abs(r_standard)>2.5); gen outlier_r =0; replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==129 & year==1995); replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==103 & year==1995); replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==163 & year==2010); replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==94 & year==1995); replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==55 & year==1999); replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==146 & year==2010); replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==11 & year==1995); xtreg ln_childmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (outlier_r == 0), fe robust; log close; exit;